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第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/.classpath

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<classpath>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="gen"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="con" path="com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ANDROID_FRAMEWORK"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="output" path="bin"/>
+</classpath>

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/.project

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<projectDescription>
+	<name>Sample11_5</name>
+	<comment></comment>
+	<projects>
+	</projects>
+	<buildSpec>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ResourceManagerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.PreCompilerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ApkBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+	</buildSpec>
+	<natures>
+		<nature>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.AndroidNature</nature>
+		<nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
+	</natures>
+</projectDescription>

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs

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+#Wed Jan 05 21:56:15 CST 2011
+eclipse.preferences.version=1
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.inlineJsrBytecode=enabled
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.targetPlatform=1.6
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.unusedLocal=preserve
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.compliance=1.6
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.lineNumber=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.localVariable=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.sourceFile=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.assertIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.enumIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.source=1.6

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/AndroidManifest.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+      android:versionCode="1"
+      android:versionName="1.0" package="com.bn.Sample11_5">
+    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
+        <activity android:name="com.bn.Sample11_5.Sample11_5Activity" 
+                  android:label="@string/app_name">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+    </application>
+    <uses-sdk android:targetSdkVersion="8"></uses-sdk>
+</manifest> 

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/assets/frag_tex.sh

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+precision mediump float;
+varying vec2 vTextureCoord; //接收从顶点着色器过来的参数
+uniform sampler2D sTexture;//纹理内容数据
+void main()                         
+{           
+   //给此片元从纹理中采样出颜色值            
+   gl_FragColor = texture2D(sTexture, vTextureCoord); 
+}              

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/assets/vertex_tex.sh

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+uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix; //总变换矩阵
+attribute vec3 aPosition;  //顶点位置
+attribute vec2 aTexCoor;    //顶点纹理坐标
+varying vec2 vTextureCoord;  //用于传递给片元着色器的变量
+void main()     
+{                            		
+   gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1); //根据总变换矩阵计算此次绘制此顶点位置
+   vTextureCoord = aTexCoor;//将接收的纹理坐标传递给片元着色器
+}                      

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/default.properties

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+# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
+# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
+# 
+# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
+# 
+# To customize properties used by the Ant build system use,
+# "build.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
+# project structure.
+
+# Indicates whether an apk should be generated for each density.
+split.density=false
+# Project target.
+target=android-8

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/gen/com/bn/Sample11_5/R.java

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+/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE.  DO NOT MODIFY.
+ *
+ * This class was automatically generated by the
+ * aapt tool from the resource data it found.  It
+ * should not be modified by hand.
+ */
+
+package com.bn.Sample11_5;
+
+public final class R {
+    public static final class attr {
+    }
+    public static final class drawable {
+        public static final int icon=0x7f020000;
+    }
+    public static final class raw {
+        public static final int skycubemap_back=0x7f030000;
+        public static final int skycubemap_down=0x7f030001;
+        public static final int skycubemap_front=0x7f030002;
+        public static final int skycubemap_left=0x7f030003;
+        public static final int skycubemap_right=0x7f030004;
+        public static final int skycubemap_up=0x7f030005;
+        public static final int skycubemap_up_cube=0x7f030006;
+    }
+    public static final class string {
+        public static final int app_name=0x7f040000;
+    }
+}

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/res/values/strings.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <string name="app_name">Sample11_5</string>
+</resources>

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/src/com/bn/Sample11_5/Constant.java

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+package com.bn.Sample11_5;
+//常量类 
+public class Constant 
+{
+   public static final float UNIT_SIZE=28f;//天空盒的半边长  
+}

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/src/com/bn/Sample11_5/MatrixState.java

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+package com.bn.Sample11_5;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.Matrix;
+
+//存储系统矩阵状态的类
+public class MatrixState 
+{  
+	private static float[] mProjMatrix = new float[16];//4x4矩阵 投影用
+    private static float[] mVMatrix = new float[16];//摄像机位置朝向9参数矩阵   
+    private static float[] currMatrix;//当前变换矩阵
+    public static float[] lightLocation=new float[]{0,0,0};//定位光光源位置
+    public static FloatBuffer cameraFB;    
+    public static FloatBuffer lightPositionFB;
+      
+    //保护变换矩阵的栈
+    static float[][] mStack=new float[10][16];
+    static int stackTop=-1;
+    
+    public static void setInitStack()//获取不变换初始矩阵
+    {
+    	currMatrix=new float[16];
+    	Matrix.setRotateM(currMatrix, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+    }
+    
+    public static void pushMatrix()//保护变换矩阵
+    {
+    	stackTop++;
+    	for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
+    	{
+    		mStack[stackTop][i]=currMatrix[i];
+    	}
+    }
+    
+    public static void popMatrix()//恢复变换矩阵
+    {
+    	for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
+    	{
+    		currMatrix[i]=mStack[stackTop][i];
+    	}
+    	stackTop--;
+    }
+    
+    public static void translate(float x,float y,float z)//设置沿xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.translateM(currMatrix, 0, x, y, z);
+    }
+    
+    public static void rotate(float angle,float x,float y,float z)//设置绕xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.rotateM(currMatrix,0,angle,x,y,z);
+    }
+    
+    public static void scale(float x,float y,float z)
+    {
+    	Matrix.scaleM(currMatrix,0, x, y, z);
+    }
+    
+    //插入自带矩阵
+    public static void matrix(float[] self)
+    {
+    	float[] result=new float[16];
+    	Matrix.multiplyMM(result,0,currMatrix,0,self,0);
+    	currMatrix=result;
+    }
+    
+    
+    //设置摄像机
+    static ByteBuffer llbb= ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(3*4);
+    static float[] cameraLocation=new float[3];//摄像机位置
+    public static void setCamera
+    (
+    		float cx,	//摄像机位置x
+    		float cy,   //摄像机位置y
+    		float cz,   //摄像机位置z
+    		float tx,   //摄像机目标点x
+    		float ty,   //摄像机目标点y
+    		float tz,   //摄像机目标点z
+    		float upx,  //摄像机UP向量X分量
+    		float upy,  //摄像机UP向量Y分量
+    		float upz   //摄像机UP向量Z分量		
+    )
+    {
+        	Matrix.setLookAtM
+            (
+            		mVMatrix, 
+            		0, 
+            		cx,
+            		cy,
+            		cz,
+            		tx,
+            		ty,
+            		tz,
+            		upx,
+            		upy,
+            		upz
+            );
+        	
+        	cameraLocation[0]=cx;
+        	cameraLocation[1]=cy;
+        	cameraLocation[2]=cz;
+        	
+        	llbb.clear();
+            llbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+            cameraFB=llbb.asFloatBuffer();
+            cameraFB.put(cameraLocation);
+            cameraFB.position(0);  
+    }
+    
+    //设置透视投影参数
+    public static void setProjectFrustum
+    ( 
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {
+    	Matrix.frustumM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
+    }
+    
+    //设置正交投影参数
+    public static void setProjectOrtho
+    (
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {    	
+    	Matrix.orthoM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
+    }       
+
+    
+    //获取具体物体的总变换矩阵
+    static float[] mMVPMatrix=new float[16];
+    public static float[] getFinalMatrix()
+    {	
+    	Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mVMatrix, 0, currMatrix, 0);
+        Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0);        
+        return mMVPMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    //获取具体物体的变换矩阵
+    public static float[] getMMatrix()
+    {       
+        return currMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    //设置灯光位置的方法
+    static ByteBuffer llbbL = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(3*4);
+    public static void setLightLocation(float x,float y,float z)
+    {
+    	llbbL.clear();
+    	
+    	lightLocation[0]=x;
+    	lightLocation[1]=y;
+    	lightLocation[2]=z;
+    	
+        llbbL.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        lightPositionFB=llbbL.asFloatBuffer();
+        lightPositionFB.put(lightLocation);
+        lightPositionFB.position(0);
+    }
+}

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/src/com/bn/Sample11_5/MySurfaceView.java

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+package com.bn.Sample11_5;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import android.opengl.GLUtils;
+import android.view.MotionEvent;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.graphics.Bitmap;
+import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
+import static com.bn.Sample11_5.Constant.*;
+
+class MySurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView 
+{
+	private final float TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR = 180.0f/320;//角度缩放比例
+    private SceneRenderer mRenderer;//场景渲染器
+    
+    private float mPreviousY;//上次的触控位置Y坐标
+    private float mPreviousX;//上次的触控位置X坐标
+    
+    //摄像机的位置角度
+    float cx=0;
+    float cy=2;
+    float cz=24;
+    float cr=24;//摄像机半径
+    float cAngle=0;
+    int[] textureIdA=new int[6];//天空盒六面的纹理
+	
+	public MySurfaceView(Context context) {
+        super(context);
+        this.setEGLContextClientVersion(2); //设置使用OPENGL ES2.0
+        mRenderer = new SceneRenderer();	//创建场景渲染器
+        setRenderer(mRenderer);				//设置渲染器
+        setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY);//设置渲染模式为主动渲染
+    }
+	
+	//触摸事件回调方法
+    @Override
+    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) 
+    {
+        float y = e.getY();
+        float x = e.getX();
+        switch (e.getAction()) {
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
+            float dy = y - mPreviousY;//计算触控笔Y位移
+            float dx = x - mPreviousX;//计算触控笔X位移
+            cAngle+=dx * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;
+            cx=(float) (Math.sin(Math.toRadians(cAngle))*cr);
+            cz=(float) (Math.cos(Math.toRadians(cAngle))*cr);
+            cy+=dy/10.0f;
+        }
+        mPreviousY = y;//记录触控笔位置
+        mPreviousX = x;//记录触控笔位置
+        return true;
+    }
+
+	private class SceneRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer 
+    { 
+		TextureRect texRect;//纹理矩形
+        public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) 
+        { 
+        	//清除深度缓冲与颜色缓冲
+            GLES20.glClear( GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+            //调用此方法产生摄像机9参数位置矩阵
+            MatrixState.setCamera(cx,cy,cz,0f,0f,0f,0f,1.0f,0.0f);  
+            //天空盒六面调整值
+            final float tzz=0.4f;            
+            //绘制天空盒后面
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(0, 0, -UNIT_SIZE+tzz);
+            texRect.drawSelf(textureIdA[0]);
+            MatrixState.popMatrix();              
+            //绘制天空盒前面
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(0, 0, UNIT_SIZE-tzz);
+            MatrixState.rotate(180, 0, 1, 0);
+            texRect.drawSelf(textureIdA[5]);
+            MatrixState.popMatrix(); 
+            //绘制天空盒左面
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(-UNIT_SIZE+tzz, 0, 0);
+            MatrixState.rotate(90, 0, 1, 0);
+            texRect.drawSelf(textureIdA[1]);
+            MatrixState.popMatrix(); 
+            //绘制天空盒右面
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(UNIT_SIZE-tzz, 0, 0);
+            MatrixState.rotate(-90, 0, 1, 0);
+            texRect.drawSelf(textureIdA[2]);
+            MatrixState.popMatrix();
+            //绘制天空盒下面
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(0, -UNIT_SIZE+tzz, 0);
+            MatrixState.rotate(-90, 1, 0, 0);
+            texRect.drawSelf(textureIdA[3]);
+            MatrixState.popMatrix(); 
+            //绘制天空盒上面
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(0, UNIT_SIZE-tzz, 0);
+            MatrixState.rotate(90, 1, 0, 0);
+            texRect.drawSelf(textureIdA[4]);
+            MatrixState.popMatrix(); 
+        }  
+
+        public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
+            //设置视窗大小及位置 
+        	GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); 
+        	//计算GLSurfaceView的宽高比
+            float ratio = (float) width / height;
+            //调用此方法计算产生透视投影矩阵
+            MatrixState.setProjectFrustum(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 2, 1000);
+        }  
+
+        public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) 
+        {
+            //设置屏幕背景色RGBA
+            GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);    
+            //打开深度检测
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+            //打开背面剪裁   
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_CULL_FACE);
+            //初始化变换矩阵
+            MatrixState.setInitStack();
+            //创建纹理矩形对对象 
+            texRect=new TextureRect(MySurfaceView.this);   
+            //加载纹理   
+            textureIdA[0]=initTexture(R.raw.skycubemap_back);
+            textureIdA[1]=initTexture(R.raw.skycubemap_left);
+            textureIdA[2]=initTexture(R.raw.skycubemap_right);
+            textureIdA[3]=initTexture(R.raw.skycubemap_down);
+            textureIdA[4]=initTexture(R.raw.skycubemap_up);
+            textureIdA[5]=initTexture(R.raw.skycubemap_front);
+        }
+    }
+  	public int initTexture(int drawableId)//textureId
+	{
+		//生成纹理ID
+		int[] textures = new int[1];
+		GLES20.glGenTextures
+		(
+				1,          //产生的纹理id的数量
+				textures,   //纹理id的数组
+				0           //偏移量
+		);    
+		int textureId=textures[0];    
+		GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GLES20.GL_LINEAR);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GLES20.GL_REPEAT);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GLES20.GL_REPEAT);
+        
+        //通过输入流加载图片
+        InputStream is = this.getResources().openRawResource(drawableId);
+        Bitmap bitmapTmp;
+        try 
+        {
+        	bitmapTmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
+        } 
+        finally 
+        {
+            try 
+            {
+                is.close();
+            } 
+            catch(IOException e) 
+            {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        //实际加载纹理
+        GLUtils.texImage2D
+        (
+        		GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,   //纹理类型，在OpenGL ES中必须为GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D
+        		0, 					  //纹理的层次，0表示基本图像层，可以理解为直接贴图
+        		bitmapTmp, 			  //纹理图像
+        		0					  //纹理边框尺寸
+        );
+        bitmapTmp.recycle(); 		  //纹理加载成功后释放图片
+        return textureId;
+	}
+}

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/src/com/bn/Sample11_5/Sample11_5Activity.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.bn.Sample11_5;
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.view.Window;
+import android.view.WindowManager;
+
+public class Sample11_5Activity extends Activity {
+	private MySurfaceView mGLSurfaceView;
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
+    {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);           
+        //设置为全屏
+        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); 
+		getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN ,  
+		              WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
+		//设置为横屏模式
+		setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
+			
+		//初始化GLSurfaceView
+        mGLSurfaceView = new MySurfaceView(this);
+        setContentView(mGLSurfaceView);	
+        mGLSurfaceView.requestFocus();//获取焦点
+        mGLSurfaceView.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);//设置为可触控  
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onResume() {
+        super.onResume();
+        mGLSurfaceView.onResume();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onPause() {
+        super.onPause();
+        mGLSurfaceView.onPause();
+    }    
+}
+
+
+

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/src/com/bn/Sample11_5/ShaderUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package com.bn.Sample11_5;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+//加载顶点Shader与片元Shader的工具类
+public class ShaderUtil 
+{
+   //加载制定shader的方法
+   public static int loadShader
+   (
+		 int shaderType, //shader的类型  GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER   GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER
+		 String source   //shader的脚本字符串
+   ) 
+   {
+	    //创建一个新shader
+        int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(shaderType);
+        //若创建成功则加载shader
+        if (shader != 0) 
+        {
+        	//加载shader的源代码
+            GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, source);
+            //编译shader
+            GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
+            //存放编译成功shader数量的数组
+            int[] compiled = new int[1];
+            //获取Shader的编译情况
+            GLES20.glGetShaderiv(shader, GLES20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS, compiled, 0);
+            if (compiled[0] == 0) 
+            {//若编译失败则显示错误日志并删除此shader
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not compile shader " + shaderType + ":");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader));
+                GLES20.glDeleteShader(shader);
+                shader = 0;      
+            }  
+        }
+        return shader;
+    }
+    
+   //创建shader程序的方法
+   public static int createProgram(String vertexSource, String fragmentSource) 
+   {
+	    //加载顶点着色器
+        int vertexShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSource);
+        if (vertexShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        
+        //加载片元着色器
+        int pixelShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSource);
+        if (pixelShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        //创建程序
+        int program = GLES20.glCreateProgram();
+        //若程序创建成功则向程序中加入顶点着色器与片元着色器
+        if (program != 0) 
+        {
+        	//向程序中加入顶点着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //向程序中加入片元着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, pixelShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //链接程序
+            GLES20.glLinkProgram(program);
+            //存放链接成功program数量的数组
+            int[] linkStatus = new int[1];
+            //获取program的链接情况
+            GLES20.glGetProgramiv(program, GLES20.GL_LINK_STATUS, linkStatus, 0);
+            //若链接失败则报错并删除程序
+            if (linkStatus[0] != GLES20.GL_TRUE) 
+            {
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not link program: ");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetProgramInfoLog(program));
+                GLES20.glDeleteProgram(program);
+                program = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return program;
+    }
+    
+   //检查每一步操作是否有错误的方法 
+   public static void checkGlError(String op) 
+   {
+        int error;
+        while ((error = GLES20.glGetError()) != GLES20.GL_NO_ERROR) 
+        {
+            Log.e("ES20_ERROR", op + ": glError " + error);
+            throw new RuntimeException(op + ": glError " + error);
+        }
+   }
+   
+   //从sh脚本中加载shader内容的方法
+   public static String loadFromAssetsFile(String fname,Resources r)
+   {
+   	String result=null;    	
+   	try
+   	{
+   		InputStream in=r.getAssets().open(fname);
+			int ch=0;
+		    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		    while((ch=in.read())!=-1)
+		    {
+		      	baos.write(ch);
+		    }      
+		    byte[] buff=baos.toByteArray();
+		    baos.close();
+		    in.close();
+   		result=new String(buff,"UTF-8"); 
+   		result=result.replaceAll("\\r\\n","\n");
+   	}
+   	catch(Exception e)
+   	{
+   		e.printStackTrace();
+   	}    	
+   	return result;
+   }
+}

第11章 常用3D开发技巧案例/Sample11_5/src/com/bn/Sample11_5/TextureRect.java

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package com.bn.Sample11_5;
+import static com.bn.Sample11_5.Constant.*;
+import static com.bn.Sample11_5.ShaderUtil.createProgram;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+
+//纹理矩形
+public class TextureRect 
+{	
+	int mProgram;//自定义渲染管线程序id
+    int muMVPMatrixHandle;//总变换矩阵引用id
+    int maPositionHandle; //顶点位置属性引用id  
+    int maTexCoorHandle; //顶点纹理坐标属性引用id  
+    String mVertexShader;//顶点着色器    	 
+    String mFragmentShader;//片元着色器
+	
+	FloatBuffer   mVertexBuffer;//顶点坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mTexCoorBuffer;//顶点纹理坐标数据缓冲
+    int vCount=0;   
+    
+    public TextureRect(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {    	
+    	//初始化顶点坐标与着色数据
+    	initVertexData();
+    	//初始化shader        
+    	initShader(mv);
+    }
+    
+    //初始化顶点坐标与着色数据的方法
+    public void initVertexData()
+    {
+    	//顶点坐标数据的初始化
+        vCount=6;
+       
+        float vertices[]=new float[]
+        {
+        	-UNIT_SIZE,UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	-UNIT_SIZE,-UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	UNIT_SIZE,-UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	  
+        	UNIT_SIZE,-UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	UNIT_SIZE,UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	-UNIT_SIZE,UNIT_SIZE,0
+        };
+		
+        //创建顶点坐标数据缓冲
+        ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);
+        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        mVertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为Float型缓冲
+        mVertexBuffer.put(vertices);//向缓冲区中放入顶点坐标数据
+        mVertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        
+        //顶点纹理坐标数据的初始化
+        float texCoor[]=new float[]//顶点颜色值数组，每个顶点4个色彩值RGBA
+        {
+        		1,0, 1,1, 0,1,
+        		0,1, 0,0, 1,0        		
+        };        
+        //创建顶点纹理坐标数据缓冲
+        ByteBuffer cbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(texCoor.length*4);
+        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        mTexCoorBuffer = cbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为Float型缓冲
+        mTexCoorBuffer.put(texCoor);//向缓冲区中放入顶点着色数据
+        mTexCoorBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+    }
+
+    //初始化shader
+    public void initShader(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {
+    	//加载顶点着色器的脚本内容
+        mVertexShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("vertex_tex.sh", mv.getResources());
+        //加载片元着色器的脚本内容
+        mFragmentShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("frag_tex.sh", mv.getResources());  
+        //基于顶点着色器与片元着色器创建程序
+        mProgram = createProgram(mVertexShader, mFragmentShader);
+        //获取程序中顶点位置属性引用id  
+        maPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+        //获取程序中顶点纹理坐标属性引用id  
+        maTexCoorHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTexCoor");
+        //获取程序中总变换矩阵引用id
+        muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");  
+    }
+    
+    public void drawSelf(int texId)
+    {        
+    	 //指定使用某套shader程序
+    	 GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); 
+         //将最终变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getFinalMatrix(), 0); 
+         //传送顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+         		maPositionHandle,   
+         		3, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mVertexBuffer
+         );       
+         //传送顶点纹理坐标数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maTexCoorHandle, 
+         		2, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                2*4,   
+                mTexCoorBuffer
+         );   
+         //允许顶点位置、纹理坐标数据数组
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle);  
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maTexCoorHandle);
+         //绑定纹理
+         GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
+         GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texId);
+         
+         //绘制纹理矩形
+         GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vCount); 
+    }
+}