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第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/.classpath

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<classpath>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="gen"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="con" path="com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ANDROID_FRAMEWORK"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="output" path="bin"/>
+</classpath>

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/.project

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<projectDescription>
+	<name>Sample5_3</name>
+	<comment></comment>
+	<projects>
+	</projects>
+	<buildSpec>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ResourceManagerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.PreCompilerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ApkBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+	</buildSpec>
+	<natures>
+		<nature>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.AndroidNature</nature>
+		<nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
+	</natures>
+</projectDescription>

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs

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+#Wed Jan 05 21:56:15 CST 2011
+eclipse.preferences.version=1
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.inlineJsrBytecode=enabled
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.targetPlatform=1.6
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.unusedLocal=preserve
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.compliance=1.6
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.lineNumber=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.localVariable=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.sourceFile=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.assertIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.enumIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.source=1.6

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/AndroidManifest.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+      android:versionCode="1"
+      android:versionName="1.0" package="com.bn.Sample5_10">
+    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
+        <activity android:label="@string/app_name" android:name=".Sample5_10_Activity">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+    </application>
+    <uses-sdk android:targetSdkVersion="8"></uses-sdk>
+</manifest> 

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/assets/frag.sh

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+precision mediump float;
+varying  vec4 vColor; //接收从顶点着色器过来的参数
+varying vec3 vPosition;//接收从顶点着色器过来的顶点位置
+void main() {                       
+   vec4 finalColor=vColor;
+   //绕z轴转20度的矩阵
+   mat4 mm=mat4(0.9396926,-0.34202012,0.0,0.0,  0.34202012,0.9396926,0.0,0.0,  
+   			0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,  0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0);   
+   vec4 tPosition=mm*vec4(vPosition,1);//将顶点坐标绕z轴转20度   
+   if(mod(tPosition.x+100.0,0.4)>0.3) {//计算X方向在不在红光色带范围内     
+     finalColor=vec4(0.4,0.0,0.0,1.0)+finalColor;//若在给最终颜色加上淡红色
+   }
+   gl_FragColor = finalColor;//给此片元颜色值
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/assets/vertex.sh

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+uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix; //总变换矩阵
+uniform mat4 uMMatrix; //变换矩阵
+attribute vec3 aPosition;  //顶点位置
+attribute vec4 aColor;    //顶点颜色
+varying  vec4 vColor;  //用于传递给片元着色器的变量
+varying vec3 vPosition;//用于传递给片元着色器的顶点位置
+void main()  {                            		
+   gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1); //根据总变换矩阵计算此次绘制此顶点位置
+   vColor = aColor;//将接收的颜色传递给片元着色器
+   vPosition=(uMMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz;
+}                      

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/default.properties

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+# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
+# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
+# 
+# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
+# 
+# To customize properties used by the Ant build system use,
+# "build.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
+# project structure.
+
+# Indicates whether an apk should be generated for each density.
+split.density=false
+# Project target.
+target=android-8

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/gen/com/bn/Sample5_10/R.java

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+/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE.  DO NOT MODIFY.
+ *
+ * This class was automatically generated by the
+ * aapt tool from the resource data it found.  It
+ * should not be modified by hand.
+ */
+
+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+
+public final class R {
+    public static final class attr {
+    }
+    public static final class drawable {
+        public static final int icon=0x7f020000;
+    }
+    public static final class id {
+        public static final int ToggleButton01=0x7f050001;
+        public static final int main_liner=0x7f050000;
+    }
+    public static final class layout {
+        public static final int main=0x7f030000;
+    }
+    public static final class string {
+        public static final int app_name=0x7f040000;
+    }
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/res/layout/main.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:orientation="vertical"
+    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
+    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
+    android:id="@+id/main_liner"
+    >
+   <ToggleButton 
+      android:textOff="合理视角"
+      android:textOn="不合理视角" 
+      android:checked="true"
+      android:id="@+id/ToggleButton01" 
+      android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
+      android:layout_height="wrap_content">
+   </ToggleButton>   
+</LinearLayout>

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/res/values/strings.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <string name="app_name">Sample5_10</string>
+</resources>

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/src/com/bn/Sample5_10/ColorRect.java

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+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+import static com.bn.Sample5_10.Constant.*;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+
+//颜色矩形
+public class ColorRect
+{	
+	int mProgram;//自定义渲染管线着色器程序id
+    int muMVPMatrixHandle;//总变换矩阵引用
+    int muMMatrixHandle;//位置、旋转变换矩阵引用
+    int maPositionHandle; //顶点位置属性引用 
+    int maColorHandle; //顶点颜色属性引用 
+    String mVertexShader;//顶点着色器代码脚本  	 
+    String mFragmentShader;//片元着色器代码脚本
+	
+	FloatBuffer   mVertexBuffer;//顶点坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mColorBuffer;//顶点着色数据缓冲
+    int vCount=0;  
+    
+    public ColorRect(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {    	
+    	//初始化顶点坐标与着色数据
+    	initVertexData();
+    	//初始化shader        
+    	initShader(mv);
+    }
+    
+    //初始化顶点坐标与着色数据的方法
+    public void initVertexData()
+    {
+    	//顶点坐标数据的初始化================begin============================
+        vCount=6;        
+        float vertices[]=new float[]
+        {
+        	0,0,0,
+        	UNIT_SIZE,UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	-UNIT_SIZE,UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	-UNIT_SIZE,-UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	UNIT_SIZE,-UNIT_SIZE,0,
+        	UNIT_SIZE,UNIT_SIZE,0
+        };
+		
+        //创建顶点坐标数据缓冲
+        //vertices.length*4是因为一个整数四个字节
+        ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);
+        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        mVertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为Float型缓冲
+        mVertexBuffer.put(vertices);//向缓冲区中放入顶点坐标数据
+        mVertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //特别提示：由于不同平台字节顺序不同数据单元不是字节的一定要经过ByteBuffer
+        //转换，关键是要通过ByteOrder设置nativeOrder()，否则有可能会出问题
+        //顶点坐标数据的初始化================end============================
+        
+        //顶点着色数据的初始化================begin============================
+        float colors[]=new float[]//顶点颜色值数组，每个顶点4个色彩值RGBA
+        {
+        		1,1,1,0,
+        		0,0,1,0,
+        		0,0,1,0,
+        		0,0,1,0,
+        		0,0,1,0,
+        		0,0,1,0,
+        };        
+        //创建顶点着色数据缓冲
+        ByteBuffer cbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);
+        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        mColorBuffer = cbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为Float型缓冲
+        mColorBuffer.put(colors);//向缓冲区中放入顶点着色数据
+        mColorBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //特别提示：由于不同平台字节顺序不同数据单元不是字节的一定要经过ByteBuffer
+        //转换，关键是要通过ByteOrder设置nativeOrder()，否则有可能会出问题
+        //顶点着色数据的初始化================end============================
+
+    }
+
+    //初始化shader
+    public void initShader(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {
+    	//加载顶点着色器的脚本内容
+        mVertexShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("vertex.sh", mv.getResources());
+        //加载片元着色器的脚本内容
+        mFragmentShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("frag.sh", mv.getResources());  
+        //基于顶点着色器与片元着色器创建程序
+        mProgram = ShaderUtil.createProgram(mVertexShader, mFragmentShader);
+        //获取程序中顶点位置属性引用id  
+        maPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+        //获取程序中顶点颜色属性引用id  
+        maColorHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aColor");
+        //获取程序中总变换矩阵引用id
+        muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");  
+        //获取位置、旋转变换矩阵引用id
+        muMMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMMatrix");  
+    }
+    
+    public void drawSelf()
+    {        
+    	 //制定使用某套shader程序
+    	 GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);
+         //将最终变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getFinalMatrix(), 0); 
+         //将位置、旋转变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getMMatrix(), 0);   
+         //为画笔指定顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+         		maPositionHandle,   
+         		3, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mVertexBuffer
+         );       
+         //为画笔指定顶点着色数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maColorHandle, 
+         		4, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                4*4,   
+                mColorBuffer
+         );   
+         //允许顶点位置数据数组
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle);  
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maColorHandle);  
+         //绘制三角形
+         GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, vCount); 
+    }
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/src/com/bn/Sample5_10/Constant.java

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+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+
+public class Constant 
+{
+	//单位尺寸
+	public static final float UNIT_SIZE=1f;
+	//计算GLSurfaceView的宽高比
+    public static float ratio;
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/src/com/bn/Sample5_10/Cube.java

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+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+import static com.bn.Sample5_10.Constant.*;
+
+//立方体
+public class Cube 
+{
+	//用于绘制各个面的颜色矩形
+	ColorRect cr;
+	
+	public Cube(MySurfaceView mv)
+	{
+		//创建用于绘制各个面的颜色矩形
+		cr=new ColorRect(mv);
+	}
+	
+	public void drawSelf()
+	{
+		//总绘制思想：通过把一个颜色矩形旋转移位到立方体每个面的位置
+		//绘制立方体的每个面
+		
+		//保护现场
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+		
+		//绘制前小面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+		MatrixState.translate(0, 0, UNIT_SIZE);
+		cr.drawSelf();		
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		
+		//绘制后小面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();		
+		MatrixState.translate(0, 0, -UNIT_SIZE);
+		MatrixState.rotate(180, 0, 1, 0);
+		cr.drawSelf();		
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		
+		//绘制上大面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();	
+		MatrixState.translate(0,UNIT_SIZE,0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(-90, 1, 0, 0);
+		cr.drawSelf();
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		
+		//绘制下大面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();	
+		MatrixState.translate(0,-UNIT_SIZE,0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(90, 1, 0, 0);
+		cr.drawSelf();
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		
+		//绘制左大面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();	
+		MatrixState.translate(UNIT_SIZE,0,0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(-90, 1, 0, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(90, 0, 1, 0);
+		cr.drawSelf();
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		
+		//绘制右大面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();				
+		MatrixState.translate(-UNIT_SIZE,0,0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(90, 1, 0, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(-90, 0, 1, 0);
+		cr.drawSelf();
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		
+		//恢复现场
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+	}
+	
+
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/src/com/bn/Sample5_10/MatrixState.java

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+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import android.opengl.Matrix;
+
+//存储系统矩阵状态的类
+public class MatrixState 
+{  
+	private static float[] mProjMatrix = new float[16];//4x4矩阵 投影用
+    private static float[] mVMatrix = new float[16];//摄像机位置朝向9参数矩阵   
+    private static float[] currMatrix;//当前变换矩阵
+      
+    //保护变换矩阵的栈
+    static float[][] mStack=new float[10][16];
+    static int stackTop=-1;
+    
+    public static void setInitStack()//获取不变换初始矩阵
+    {
+    	currMatrix=new float[16];
+    	Matrix.setRotateM(currMatrix, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+    }
+    
+    public static void pushMatrix()//保护变换矩阵
+    {
+    	stackTop++;
+    	for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
+    	{
+    		mStack[stackTop][i]=currMatrix[i];
+    	}
+    }
+    
+    public static void popMatrix()//恢复变换矩阵
+    {
+    	for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
+    	{
+    		currMatrix[i]=mStack[stackTop][i];
+    	}
+    	stackTop--;
+    }
+    
+    public static void translate(float x,float y,float z)//设置沿xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.translateM(currMatrix, 0, x, y, z);
+    }
+    
+    public static void rotate(float angle,float x,float y,float z)//设置绕xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.rotateM(currMatrix,0,angle,x,y,z);
+    }
+    
+    
+    //设置摄像机
+    static ByteBuffer llbb= ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(3*4);
+    static float[] cameraLocation=new float[3];//摄像机位置
+    public static void setCamera
+    (
+    		float cx,	//摄像机位置x
+    		float cy,   //摄像机位置y
+    		float cz,   //摄像机位置z
+    		float tx,   //摄像机目标点x
+    		float ty,   //摄像机目标点y
+    		float tz,   //摄像机目标点z
+    		float upx,  //摄像机UP向量X分量
+    		float upy,  //摄像机UP向量Y分量
+    		float upz   //摄像机UP向量Z分量		
+    )
+    {
+        	Matrix.setLookAtM
+            (
+            		mVMatrix, 
+            		0, 
+            		cx,
+            		cy,
+            		cz,
+            		tx,
+            		ty,
+            		tz,
+            		upx,
+            		upy,
+            		upz
+            );
+    }
+    
+    //设置透视投影参数
+    public static void setProjectFrustum
+    ( 
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {
+    	Matrix.frustumM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
+    }
+    
+    //设置正交投影参数
+    public static void setProjectOrtho
+    (
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {    	
+    	Matrix.orthoM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
+    }
+    
+    //获取具体物体的总变换矩阵
+    static float[] mMVPMatrix=new float[16];
+    public static float[] getFinalMatrix()
+    {	
+    	Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mVMatrix, 0, currMatrix, 0);
+        Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0);        
+        return mMVPMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    //获取具体物体的变换矩阵
+    public static float[] getMMatrix()
+    {       
+        return currMatrix;
+    }
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/src/com/bn/Sample5_10/MySurfaceView.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
+import android.view.MotionEvent;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+import android.content.Context;
+import static com.bn.Sample5_10.Constant.*;
+
+class MySurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView 
+{
+	private final float TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR = 180.0f/320;//角度缩放比例
+    private SceneRenderer mRenderer;//场景渲染器
+	
+    private float mPreviousX;//上次的触控位置X坐标
+    
+    float yAngle=0;//总场景绕y轴旋转的角度
+	
+	public MySurfaceView(Context context) {
+        super(context);
+        this.setEGLContextClientVersion(2); //设置使用OPENGL ES2.0
+        mRenderer = new SceneRenderer();	//创建场景渲染器
+        setRenderer(mRenderer);				//设置渲染器		        
+        setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY);//设置渲染模式为主动渲染   
+    }   
+	
+	//触摸事件回调方法
+    @Override 
+    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) {
+        float x = e.getX();
+        switch (e.getAction()) {
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
+            float dx = x - mPreviousX;//计算触控笔X位移
+            yAngle += dx * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;//设置三角形对绕y轴旋转角度
+        }
+        mPreviousX=x;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+	private class SceneRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer 
+    {   
+    	Cube cube;//立方体
+    	
+        public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) 
+        { 
+        	//清除深度缓冲与颜色缓冲
+            GLES20.glClear( GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+            //保护现场
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            //绕Y轴旋转
+            MatrixState.rotate(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
+            
+            //绘制左侧立方体
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(-3, 0, 0);
+            MatrixState.rotate(60, 0, 1, 0);
+            cube.drawSelf();
+            MatrixState.popMatrix();
+            
+            //绘制右侧立方体
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(3, 0, 0);
+            MatrixState.rotate(-60, 0, 1, 0);
+            cube.drawSelf();
+            MatrixState.popMatrix();
+            
+            //恢复现场
+            MatrixState.popMatrix();
+        }  
+
+        public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
+            //设置视窗大小及位置 
+        	GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); 
+        	//计算GLSurfaceView的宽高比
+            ratio = (float) width / height;
+            
+            //视角不合适导致变形
+	        //调用此方法计算产生透视投影矩阵
+	        MatrixState.setProjectFrustum(-ratio*0.7f, ratio*0.7f, -0.7f, 0.7f, 1, 10);
+	        //调用此方法产生摄像机9参数位置矩阵
+	        MatrixState.setCamera(0,0.5f,4,0f,0f,0f,0f,1.0f,0.0f);
+            
+            //初始化变换矩阵
+            MatrixState.setInitStack();
+        }
+
+        public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
+            //设置屏幕背景色RGBA
+            GLES20.glClearColor(0.5f,0.5f,0.5f, 1.0f);  
+            //创建立方体对象
+            cube=new Cube(MySurfaceView.this);
+            //打开深度检测
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+            //打开背面剪裁   
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_CULL_FACE);  
+        }
+    }
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/src/com/bn/Sample5_10/Sample5_10_Activity.java

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.view.Window;
+import android.view.WindowManager;
+import android.widget.CompoundButton;
+import android.widget.LinearLayout;
+import android.widget.ToggleButton;
+import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
+import static com.bn.Sample5_10.Constant.*;
+
+public class Sample5_10_Activity extends Activity {
+	private MySurfaceView mGLSurfaceView;
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
+    {
+    	 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         
+         //设置为全屏
+         requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); 
+ 		getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN ,  
+ 		              WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
+ 		//设置为横屏模式
+ 		setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
+ 		//切换到主界面
+ 		setContentView(R.layout.main);		
+ 		//初始化GLSurfaceView
+         mGLSurfaceView = new MySurfaceView(this);
+         mGLSurfaceView.requestFocus();//获取焦点
+         mGLSurfaceView.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);//设置为可触控  
+         //将自定义的GLSurfaceView添加到外层LinearLayout中
+         LinearLayout ll=(LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.main_liner); 
+         ll.addView(mGLSurfaceView);        
+         //控制是否打开背面剪裁的ToggleButton
+         ToggleButton tb=(ToggleButton)this.findViewById(R.id.ToggleButton01);
+         tb.setOnCheckedChangeListener(
+             new OnCheckedChangeListener()
+             {
+ 	 			@Override
+ 	 			public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) 
+ 	 			{
+ 	 				if(isChecked)
+ 	 				{
+ 	 				    //视角不合适导致变形
+ 	 		            //调用此方法计算产生透视投影矩阵
+ 	 		            MatrixState.setProjectFrustum(-ratio*0.7f, ratio*0.7f, -0.7f, 0.7f, 1, 10);
+ 	 		            //调用此方法产生摄像机9参数位置矩阵
+ 	 		            MatrixState.setCamera(0,0.5f,4,0f,0f,0f,0f,1.0f,0.0f);
+ 	 				}
+ 	 				else
+ 	 				{
+	 	 	             //视角合适不变形
+	 	 	             //调用此方法计算产生透视投影矩阵
+	 	 	             MatrixState.setProjectFrustum(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 20, 100);
+	 	 	             //调用此方法产生摄像机9参数位置矩阵
+	 	 	             MatrixState.setCamera(0,8f,45,0f,0f,0f,0f,1.0f,0.0f);
+ 	 				}
+ 	 			}        	   
+             }        
+         );        
+         
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onResume() {
+        super.onResume();
+        mGLSurfaceView.onResume();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onPause() {
+        super.onPause();
+        mGLSurfaceView.onPause(); 
+    } 
+}

第5章 投影及各种变换/Sample5_10/src/com/bn/Sample5_10/ShaderUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package com.bn.Sample5_10;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+//加载顶点Shader与片元Shader的工具类
+public class ShaderUtil 
+{
+   //加载制定shader的方法
+   public static int loadShader
+   (
+		 int shaderType, //shader的类型  GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER   GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER
+		 String source   //shader的脚本字符串
+   ) 
+   {
+	    //创建一个新shader
+        int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(shaderType);
+        //若创建成功则加载shader
+        if (shader != 0) 
+        {
+        	//加载shader的源代码
+            GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, source);
+            //编译shader
+            GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
+            //存放编译成功shader数量的数组
+            int[] compiled = new int[1];
+            //获取Shader的编译情况
+            GLES20.glGetShaderiv(shader, GLES20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS, compiled, 0);
+            if (compiled[0] == 0) 
+            {//若编译失败则显示错误日志并删除此shader
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not compile shader " + shaderType + ":");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader));
+                GLES20.glDeleteShader(shader);
+                shader = 0;      
+            }  
+        }
+        return shader;
+    }
+    
+   //创建shader程序的方法
+   public static int createProgram(String vertexSource, String fragmentSource) 
+   {
+	    //加载顶点着色器
+        int vertexShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSource);
+        if (vertexShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        
+        //加载片元着色器
+        int pixelShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSource);
+        if (pixelShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        //创建程序
+        int program = GLES20.glCreateProgram();
+        //若程序创建成功则向程序中加入顶点着色器与片元着色器
+        if (program != 0) 
+        {
+        	//向程序中加入顶点着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //向程序中加入片元着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, pixelShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //链接程序
+            GLES20.glLinkProgram(program);
+            //存放链接成功program数量的数组
+            int[] linkStatus = new int[1];
+            //获取program的链接情况
+            GLES20.glGetProgramiv(program, GLES20.GL_LINK_STATUS, linkStatus, 0);
+            //若链接失败则报错并删除程序
+            if (linkStatus[0] != GLES20.GL_TRUE) 
+            {
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not link program: ");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetProgramInfoLog(program));
+                GLES20.glDeleteProgram(program);
+                program = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return program;
+    }
+    
+   //检查每一步操作是否有错误的方法 
+   public static void checkGlError(String op) 
+   {
+        int error;
+        while ((error = GLES20.glGetError()) != GLES20.GL_NO_ERROR) 
+        {
+            Log.e("ES20_ERROR", op + ": glError " + error);
+            throw new RuntimeException(op + ": glError " + error);
+        }
+   }
+   
+   //从sh脚本中加载shader内容的方法
+   public static String loadFromAssetsFile(String fname,Resources r)
+   {
+   	String result=null;    	
+   	try
+   	{
+   		InputStream in=r.getAssets().open(fname);
+			int ch=0;
+		    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		    while((ch=in.read())!=-1)
+		    {
+		      	baos.write(ch);
+		    }      
+		    byte[] buff=baos.toByteArray();
+		    baos.close();
+		    in.close();
+   		result=new String(buff,"UTF-8"); 
+   		result=result.replaceAll("\\r\\n","\n");
+   	}
+   	catch(Exception e)
+   	{
+   		e.printStackTrace();
+   	}   
+   	return result;
+   }
+}