初次提交

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/.classpath

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<classpath>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="gen"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="con" path="com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ANDROID_FRAMEWORK"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="output" path="bin"/>
+</classpath>

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/.project

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<projectDescription>
+	<name>Sample8_2</name>
+	<comment></comment>
+	<projects>
+	</projects>
+	<buildSpec>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ResourceManagerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.PreCompilerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ApkBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+	</buildSpec>
+	<natures>
+		<nature>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.AndroidNature</nature>
+		<nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
+	</natures>
+</projectDescription>

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs

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+#Wed Nov 09 11:58:24 CST 2011
+eclipse.preferences.version=1
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.targetPlatform=1.5
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.compliance=1.5
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.source=1.5

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/AndroidManifest.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+      package="com.bn.Sample8_2"
+      android:versionCode="1"
+      android:versionName="1.0">
+    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
+
+    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
+        <activity android:name=".MyActivity"
+                  android:label="@string/app_name">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+
+    </application>
+</manifest>

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/assets/frag_color_light.sh

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+precision mediump float;
+varying  vec4 vaaColor; //接收从顶点着色器过来的参数
+varying vec4 vambient;
+varying vec4 vdiffuse;
+varying vec4 vspecular;
+void main()                         
+{
+   //将颜色给此片元
+	vec4 finalColor = vaaColor;
+   //给此片元颜色值 
+   gl_FragColor = finalColor*vambient+finalColor*vspecular+finalColor*vdiffuse;//给此片元颜色值
+}              

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/assets/frag_tex_light.sh

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+precision mediump float;
+uniform sampler2D sTexture;//纹理内容数据
+varying vec2 vTextureCoord; //接收从顶点着色器过来的参数
+varying vec4 vambient;
+varying vec4 vdiffuse;
+varying vec4 vspecular;
+void main()                         
+{
+   //将计算出的颜色给此片元
+   vec4 finalColor=texture2D(sTexture, vTextureCoord);
+   //给此片元颜色值 
+   gl_FragColor = finalColor*vambient+finalColor*vspecular+finalColor*vdiffuse;//给此片元颜色值
+}              

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/assets/vertex_color_light.sh

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+uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix; //总变换矩阵
+uniform mat4 uMMatrix; //变换矩阵
+uniform vec3 uLightLocation;	//光源位置
+uniform vec3 uCamera;	//摄像机位置
+attribute vec3 aPosition;  //顶点位置
+attribute vec3 aNormal;    //顶点法向量
+attribute vec4 aColor;    //顶点颜色
+varying  vec4 vaaColor;  //用于传递给片元着色器的变量
+varying vec4 vambient;
+varying vec4 vdiffuse;
+varying vec4 vspecular; 
+
+//定位光光照计算的方法
+void pointLight(					//定位光光照计算的方法
+  in vec3 normal,				//法向量
+  inout vec4 ambient,			//环境光最终强度
+  inout vec4 diffuse,				//散射光最终强度
+  inout vec4 specular,			//镜面光最终强度
+  in vec3 lightLocation,			//光源位置
+  in vec4 lightAmbient,			//环境光强度
+  in vec4 lightDiffuse,			//散射光强度
+  in vec4 lightSpecular			//镜面光强度
+){
+  ambient=lightAmbient;			//直接得出环境光的最终强度  
+  vec3 normalTarget=aPosition+normal;	//计算变换后的法向量
+  vec3 newNormal=(uMMatrix*vec4(normalTarget,1)).xyz-(uMMatrix*vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz;
+  newNormal=normalize(newNormal); 	//对法向量规格化
+  //计算从表面点到摄像机的向量
+  vec3 eye= normalize(uCamera-(uMMatrix*vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz);  
+  //计算从表面点到光源位置的向量vp
+  vec3 vp= normalize(lightLocation-(uMMatrix*vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz);  
+  vp=normalize(vp);//格式化vp
+  vec3 halfVector=normalize(vp+eye);	//求视线与光线的半向量    
+  float shininess=50.0;				//粗糙度，越小越光滑
+  float nDotViewPosition=max(0.0,dot(newNormal,vp)); 	//求法向量与vp的点积与0的最大值
+  diffuse=lightDiffuse*nDotViewPosition;				//计算散射光的最终强度
+  float nDotViewHalfVector=dot(newNormal,halfVector);	//法线与半向量的点积 
+  float powerFactor=max(0.0,pow(nDotViewHalfVector,shininess)); 	//镜面反射光强度因子
+  specular=lightSpecular*powerFactor;    			//计算镜面光的最终强度
+}
+
+void main()     
+{  
+                          	
+   gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1); //根据总变换矩阵计算此次绘制此顶点位置
+   pointLight(normalize(aNormal),vambient,vdiffuse,vspecular,uLightLocation,vec4(0.3,0.3,0.3,1.0),vec4(0.7,0.7,0.7,1.0),vec4(0.3,0.3,0.3,1.0));
+   vaaColor = aColor;//将接收的颜色传递给片元着色器
+}                      

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/assets/vertex_tex_light.sh

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+uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix; //总变换矩阵
+uniform mat4 uMMatrix; //变换矩阵
+uniform vec3 uLightLocation;	//光源位置
+uniform vec3 uCamera;	//摄像机位置
+attribute vec3 aPosition;  //顶点位置
+attribute vec3 aNormal;    //顶点法向量
+attribute vec2 aTexCoor;    //顶点纹理坐标
+varying vec2 vTextureCoord;  //用于传递给片元着色器的变量
+varying vec4 vambient;
+varying vec4 vdiffuse;
+varying vec4 vspecular; 
+
+//定位光光照计算的方法
+void pointLight(					//定位光光照计算的方法
+  in vec3 normal,				//法向量
+  inout vec4 ambient,			//环境光最终强度
+  inout vec4 diffuse,				//散射光最终强度
+  inout vec4 specular,			//镜面光最终强度
+  in vec3 lightLocation,			//光源位置
+  in vec4 lightAmbient,			//环境光强度
+  in vec4 lightDiffuse,			//散射光强度
+  in vec4 lightSpecular			//镜面光强度
+){
+  ambient=lightAmbient;			//直接得出环境光的最终强度  
+  vec3 normalTarget=aPosition+normal;	//计算变换后的法向量
+  vec3 newNormal=(uMMatrix*vec4(normalTarget,1)).xyz-(uMMatrix*vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz;
+  newNormal=normalize(newNormal); 	//对法向量规格化
+  //计算从表面点到摄像机的向量
+  vec3 eye= normalize(uCamera-(uMMatrix*vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz);  
+  //计算从表面点到光源位置的向量vp
+  vec3 vp= normalize(lightLocation-(uMMatrix*vec4(aPosition,1)).xyz);  
+  vp=normalize(vp);//格式化vp
+  vec3 halfVector=normalize(vp+eye);	//求视线与光线的半向量    
+  float shininess=50.0;				//粗糙度，越小越光滑
+  float nDotViewPosition=max(0.0,dot(newNormal,vp)); 	//求法向量与vp的点积与0的最大值
+  diffuse=lightDiffuse*nDotViewPosition;				//计算散射光的最终强度
+  float nDotViewHalfVector=dot(newNormal,halfVector);	//法线与半向量的点积 
+  float powerFactor=max(0.0,pow(nDotViewHalfVector,shininess)); 	//镜面反射光强度因子
+  specular=lightSpecular*powerFactor;    			//计算镜面光的最终强度
+}
+
+void main()     
+{  
+                          	
+   gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1); //根据总变换矩阵计算此次绘制此顶点位置
+   pointLight(normalize(aNormal),vambient,vdiffuse,vspecular,uLightLocation,vec4(0.3,0.3,0.3,1.0),vec4(0.7,0.7,0.7,1.0),vec4(0.3,0.3,0.3,1.0));
+   vTextureCoord = aTexCoor;//将接收的纹理坐标传递给片元着色器
+}                      

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/default.properties

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+# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
+# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
+#
+# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
+#
+# To customize properties used by the Ant build system use,
+# "build.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
+# project structure.
+
+# Project target.
+target=android-8

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/gen/com/bn/Sample8_2/R.java

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+/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE.  DO NOT MODIFY.
+ *
+ * This class was automatically generated by the
+ * aapt tool from the resource data it found.  It
+ * should not be modified by hand.
+ */
+
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+public final class R {
+    public static final class attr {
+    }
+    public static final class drawable {
+        public static final int android_robot0=0x7f020000;
+        public static final int icon=0x7f020001;
+    }
+    public static final class id {
+        public static final int RadioButton01=0x7f050003;
+        public static final int RadioButton02=0x7f050004;
+        public static final int RadioGroup01=0x7f050001;
+        public static final int main_liner=0x7f050000;
+        public static final int textView1=0x7f050002;
+    }
+    public static final class layout {
+        public static final int main=0x7f030000;
+    }
+    public static final class string {
+        public static final int app_name=0x7f040001;
+        public static final int hello=0x7f040000;
+    }
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/proguard.cfg

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+-optimizationpasses 5
+-dontusemixedcaseclassnames
+-dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
+-dontpreverify
+-verbose
+-optimizations !code/simplification/arithmetic,!field/*,!class/merging/*
+
+-keep public class * extends android.app.Activity
+-keep public class * extends android.app.Application
+-keep public class * extends android.app.Service
+-keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
+-keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider
+-keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
+-keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference
+-keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
+
+-keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
+    native <methods>;
+}
+
+-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
+    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
+}
+
+-keepclasseswithmembers class * {
+    public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
+}
+
+-keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity {
+   public void *(android.view.View);
+}
+
+-keepclassmembers enum * {
+    public static **[] values();
+    public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
+}
+
+-keep class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
+  public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator *;
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/res/layout/main.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    android:orientation="vertical"
+    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
+    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
+    android:id="@+id/main_liner"
+    >
+	<RadioGroup 
+        android:id="@+id/RadioGroup01" 
+        android:orientation="horizontal"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
+		  <TextView 
+		  	android:text="填充方式：" 
+		  	android:id="@+id/textView1" 
+		  	android:textSize="16dip"
+		  	android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
+		  	android:layout_height="wrap_content">
+		  </TextView>
+	      <RadioButton 
+	         android:text="面填充" 
+	         android:id="@+id/RadioButton01"
+	         android:checked="true"  
+	         android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
+	         android:layout_height="wrap_content">
+	      </RadioButton>   
+	      <RadioButton 
+	         android:text="线填充" 
+	         android:id="@+id/RadioButton02"
+	         android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
+	         android:layout_height="wrap_content">
+	      </RadioButton>  
+	</RadioGroup>
+</LinearLayout>

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/res/values/strings.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <string name="hello">Hello World, Sample9_1Activity!</string>
+    <string name="app_name">Sample8_2</string>
+</resources>

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/Circle.java

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+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+import static com.bn.Sample8_2.ShaderUtil.createProgram;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+
+//圆面
+public class Circle 
+{	
+	int mProgram;//自定义渲染管线着色器程序id
+    int muMVPMatrixHandle;//总变换矩阵引用
+    int maPositionHandle; //顶点位置属性引用
+    int maTexCoorHandle; //顶点纹理坐标属性引用
+    int muMMatrixHandle;
+    
+    int maCameraHandle; //摄像机位置属性引用 
+    int maNormalHandle; //顶点法向量属性引用 
+    int maLightLocationHandle;//光源位置属性引用  
+    
+    
+    String mVertexShader;//顶点着色器代码脚本  	 
+    String mFragmentShader;//片元着色器代码脚本
+	
+	FloatBuffer   mVertexBuffer;//顶点坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mTexCoorBuffer;//顶点纹理坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mNormalBuffer;//顶点法向量数据缓冲
+    int vCount=0;   
+    float xAngle=0;//绕x轴旋转的角度
+    float yAngle=0;//绕y轴旋转的角度
+    float zAngle=0;//绕z轴旋转的角度
+    
+    public Circle(MySurfaceView mv,float scale,float r,int n)
+    {
+    	//调用初始化顶点数据的initVertexData方法
+    	initVertexData(scale,r,n);
+    	//调用初始化着色器的intShader方法
+    	initShader(mv);
+    }
+    
+    //自定义的初始化顶点数据的方法
+    public void initVertexData(
+    		float scale,	//大小
+    		float r,		//半径
+    		int n)		//切分的份数
+    {
+    	r=r*scale;
+		float angdegSpan=360.0f/n;	//顶角的度数
+		vCount=3*n;//顶点个数，共有n个三角形，每个三角形都有三个顶点
+		
+		float[] vertices=new float[vCount*3];//坐标数据
+		float[] textures=new float[vCount*2];//顶点纹理S、T坐标值数组
+		//坐标数据初始化
+		int count=0;
+		int stCount=0;
+		for(float angdeg=0;Math.ceil(angdeg)<360;angdeg+=angdegSpan)
+		{
+			double angrad=Math.toRadians(angdeg);//当前弧度
+			double angradNext=Math.toRadians(angdeg+angdegSpan);//下一弧度
+			//中心点
+			vertices[count++]=0;//顶点坐标
+			vertices[count++]=0; 
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			
+			textures[stCount++]=0.5f;//st坐标
+			textures[stCount++]=0.5f;
+			//当前点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angrad));//顶点坐标
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (r*Math.cos(angrad));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			
+			textures[stCount++]=(float) (0.5f-0.5f*Math.sin(angrad));//st坐标
+			textures[stCount++]=(float) (0.5f-0.5f*Math.cos(angrad));
+			//下一点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angradNext));//顶点坐标
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (r*Math.cos(angradNext));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			
+			textures[stCount++]=(float) (0.5f-0.5f*Math.sin(angradNext));//st坐标
+			textures[stCount++]=(float) (0.5f-0.5f*Math.cos(angradNext));
+		}
+		ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);//创建顶点坐标数据缓冲
+        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mVertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mVertexBuffer.put(vertices);//向缓冲区中放入顶点坐标数据
+        mVertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //法向量数据初始化 
+        float[] normals=new float[vertices.length];
+        for(int i=0;i<normals.length;i+=3){
+        	normals[i]=0;
+        	normals[i+1]=0;
+        	normals[i+2]=1;
+        }
+        ByteBuffer nbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(normals.length*4);//创建顶点法向量数据缓冲
+        nbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mNormalBuffer = nbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mNormalBuffer.put(normals);//向缓冲区中放入顶点法向量数据
+        mNormalBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        
+        //纹理坐标数据初始化
+        ByteBuffer cbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textures.length*4);//创建顶点纹理数据缓冲
+        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mTexCoorBuffer = cbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mTexCoorBuffer.put(textures);//向缓冲区中放入顶点纹理数据
+        mTexCoorBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置 
+    }
+
+    //自定义初始化着色器initShader方法
+    public void initShader(MySurfaceView mv){
+    	//加载顶点着色器的脚本内容
+        mVertexShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("vertex_tex_light.sh", mv.getResources());
+        //加载片元着色器的脚本内容
+        mFragmentShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("frag_tex_light.sh", mv.getResources());  
+        //基于顶点着色器与片元着色器创建程序
+        mProgram = createProgram(mVertexShader, mFragmentShader);
+        //获取程序中顶点位置属性引用id  
+        maPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+        //获取程序中顶点纹理坐标属性引用id  
+        maTexCoorHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTexCoor");
+        //获取程序中总变换矩阵引用id
+        muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix"); 
+        //获取程序中顶点法向量属性引用id  
+        maNormalHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aNormal"); 
+        //获取程序中摄像机位置引用id
+        maCameraHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uCamera"); 
+        //获取程序中光源位置引用id
+        maLightLocationHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uLightLocation"); 
+        //获取位置、旋转变换矩阵引用id
+        muMMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMMatrix");  
+    }
+    
+    public void drawSelf(int texId)
+    {        
+    	 //制定使用某套shader程序
+    	 GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);        
+         
+         //将最终变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getFinalMatrix(), 0);
+         
+         //将位置、旋转变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getMMatrix(), 0); 
+         //将摄像机位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maCameraHandle, 1, MatrixState.cameraFB);
+         //将光源位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maLightLocationHandle, 1, MatrixState.lightPositionFB);
+         
+         
+         //传送顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+         		maPositionHandle,   
+         		3, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mVertexBuffer
+         );       
+         //传送顶点纹理坐标数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maTexCoorHandle, 
+         		2, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                2*4,   
+                mTexCoorBuffer
+         ); 
+         //传送顶点法向量数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maNormalHandle, 
+         		4, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mNormalBuffer
+         ); 
+         
+         //启用顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle);
+         //启用顶点纹理数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maTexCoorHandle);  
+         //启用顶点法向量数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maNormalHandle);
+         
+         
+         //绑定纹理
+         GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
+         GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texId);
+         
+         //绘制纹理矩形
+         GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, vCount); 
+    }
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/CircleL.java

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+import static com.bn.Sample8_2.ShaderUtil.createProgram;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+
+//圆面骨架
+public class CircleL 
+{	
+	int mProgram;//自定义渲染管线着色器程序id
+    int muMVPMatrixHandle;//总变换矩阵引用
+    int maPositionHandle; //顶点位置属性引用
+    int maColorHandle; //顶点颜色属性引用 
+    int muMMatrixHandle;
+    
+    int maCameraHandle; //摄像机位置属性引用
+    int maNormalHandle; //顶点法向量属性引用
+    int maLightLocationHandle;//光源位置属性引用 
+    
+    
+    String mVertexShader;//顶点着色器    	 
+    String mFragmentShader;//片元着色器
+	
+	FloatBuffer   mVertexBuffer;//顶点坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mColorBuffer;	//顶点颜色数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mNormalBuffer;//顶点法向量数据缓冲
+    int vCount=0;   
+    float xAngle=0;//绕x轴旋转的角度
+    float yAngle=0;//绕y轴旋转的角度
+    float zAngle=0;//绕z轴旋转的角度
+    
+    public CircleL(MySurfaceView mv,float scale,float r,int n)
+    {
+    	//调用初始化顶点数据的initVertexData方法
+    	initVertexData(scale,r,n);
+    	//调用初始化着色器的intShader方法
+    	initShader(mv);
+    }
+    
+    //自定义的初始化顶点数据的方法
+    public void initVertexData(
+    		float scale,	//大小
+    		float r,		//半径
+    		int n)		//切分的份数
+    {
+    	r=r*scale;
+		float angdegSpan=360.0f/n;	//顶角的度数
+		vCount=3*n;//顶点个数，共有n个三角形，每个三角形都有三个顶点
+		
+		float[] vertices=new float[vCount*3];//坐标数据
+		float[] colors=new float[vCount*4];//顶点颜色数组
+		//坐标数据初始化
+		int count=0;
+		int colorCount=0;
+		for(float angdeg=0;Math.ceil(angdeg)<360;angdeg+=angdegSpan)
+		{
+			double angrad=Math.toRadians(angdeg);//当前弧度
+			double angradNext=Math.toRadians(angdeg+angdegSpan);//下一弧度
+			//中心点
+			vertices[count++]=0;//顶点坐标
+			vertices[count++]=0; 
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			//当前点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angrad));//顶点坐标
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (r*Math.cos(angrad));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			
+			
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			//下一点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angradNext));//顶点坐标
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (r*Math.cos(angradNext));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			
+			
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+		}
+		ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);//创建顶点坐标数据缓冲
+        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mVertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mVertexBuffer.put(vertices);//向缓冲区中放入顶点坐标数据
+        mVertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //法向量数据初始化 
+        float[] normals=new float[vertices.length];
+        for(int i=0;i<normals.length;i+=3){
+        	normals[i]=0;
+        	normals[i+1]=0;
+        	normals[i+2]=1;
+        }
+        ByteBuffer nbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(normals.length*4);//创建顶点法向量数据缓冲
+        nbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mNormalBuffer = nbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mNormalBuffer.put(normals);//向缓冲区中放入顶点法向量数据
+        mNormalBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        
+        //创建顶点着色数据缓冲
+        ByteBuffer cbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);
+        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mColorBuffer = cbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为Float型缓冲
+        mColorBuffer.put(colors);//向缓冲区中放入顶点着色数据
+        mColorBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+    }
+
+    //初始化着色器
+    public void initShader(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {
+    	//加载顶点着色器的脚本内容
+        mVertexShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("vertex_color_light.sh", mv.getResources());
+        //加载片元着色器的脚本内容
+        mFragmentShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("frag_color_light.sh", mv.getResources());  
+        //基于顶点着色器与片元着色器创建程序
+        mProgram = createProgram(mVertexShader, mFragmentShader);
+        //获取程序中顶点位置属性引用id  
+        maPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+        //获取程序中顶点颜色属性引用id  
+        maColorHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aColor");
+        //获取程序中总变换矩阵引用id
+        muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix"); 
+        
+        
+        //获取程序中顶点法向量属性引用id  
+        maNormalHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aNormal"); 
+        //获取程序中摄像机位置引用id
+        maCameraHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uCamera"); 
+        //获取程序中光源位置引用id
+        maLightLocationHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uLightLocation"); 
+        //获取位置、旋转变换矩阵引用id
+        muMMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMMatrix");  
+        
+        
+    }
+    
+    public void drawSelf()
+    {        
+    	 //制定使用某套shader程序
+    	 GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);        
+         
+         //将最终变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getFinalMatrix(), 0);
+         
+         //将位置、旋转变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getMMatrix(), 0); 
+         //将摄像机位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maCameraHandle, 1, MatrixState.cameraFB);
+         //将光源位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maLightLocationHandle, 1, MatrixState.lightPositionFB);
+         
+         
+         //传送顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+         		maPositionHandle,   
+         		3, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mVertexBuffer
+         );       
+         //传送顶点颜色数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maColorHandle, 
+         		4, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                4*4,   
+                mColorBuffer
+         );  
+         //传送顶点法向量数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maNormalHandle, 
+         		4, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mNormalBuffer
+         ); 
+         
+         //启用顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle);
+         //启用顶点颜色数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maColorHandle);  
+         //启用顶点法向量数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maNormalHandle);
+         
+         //绘制线条的粗细
+         GLES20.glLineWidth(2);
+         //绘制
+         GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_LINE_STRIP, 0, vCount); 
+    }
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/Cone.java

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+//圆锥类
+public class Cone
+{
+	Circle bottomCircle;//底圆
+	ConeSide coneSide;//侧面
+	float xAngle=0;//绕x轴旋转的角度
+    float yAngle=0;//绕y轴旋转的角度
+    float zAngle=0;//绕z轴旋转的角度
+    float h;
+    float scale;
+
+    int BottomTexId;  //底面纹理
+    int sideTexId;  //侧面纹理
+    
+	public Cone(MySurfaceView mySurfaceView,float scale,float r, float h,int n,
+			int BottomTexId, int sideTexId)
+	{
+		this.scale=scale;
+		this.h=h;
+		this.BottomTexId=BottomTexId;
+		this.sideTexId=sideTexId;
+		
+		bottomCircle=new Circle(mySurfaceView,scale,r,n);  //创建底面圆对象
+		coneSide=new ConeSide(mySurfaceView,scale,r,h,n); //创建圆锥侧面对象
+	}
+	public void drawSelf()
+	{
+		MatrixState.rotate(xAngle, 1, 0, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(zAngle, 0, 0, 1);				
+		//底面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+		MatrixState.translate(0, -h/2*scale, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(90, 1, 0, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(180, 0, 0, 1);
+		bottomCircle.drawSelf(BottomTexId);
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		//侧面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+		MatrixState.translate(0, -h/2*scale, 0);
+		coneSide.drawSelf(sideTexId);
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+	}
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/ConeL.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+//骨架圆锥类
+public class ConeL
+{
+	CircleL bottomCircle;//底圆的骨架类的引用
+	ConeSideL coneSide;//侧面的骨架类的引用
+	float xAngle=0;//绕x轴旋转的角度
+    float yAngle=0;//绕y轴旋转的角度
+    float zAngle=0;//绕z轴旋转的角度
+    float h;
+    float scale;
+    
+	public ConeL(MySurfaceView mySurfaceView,float scale,float r, float h,int n)
+	{
+		this.scale=scale;
+		this.h=h;
+		bottomCircle=new CircleL(mySurfaceView,scale,r,n);  //创建底面骨架圆的对象
+		coneSide=new ConeSideL(mySurfaceView,scale,r,h,n); //创建侧面无顶圆锥骨架的对象
+	}
+	public void drawSelf()
+	{
+		MatrixState.rotate(xAngle, 1, 0, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(zAngle, 0, 0, 1);		
+		
+		//底面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+		MatrixState.translate(0, -h/2, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(90, 1, 0, 0);
+		MatrixState.rotate(180, 0, 0, 1);
+		bottomCircle.drawSelf();
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+		
+		//侧面
+		MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+		MatrixState.translate(0, -h/2, 0);
+		coneSide.drawSelf();
+		MatrixState.popMatrix();
+	}
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/ConeSide.java

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+import static com.bn.Sample8_2.ShaderUtil.createProgram;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+
+//圆锥侧面
+public class ConeSide 
+{	
+	int mProgram;//自定义渲染管线着色器程序id
+    int muMVPMatrixHandle;//总变换矩阵引用
+    int maPositionHandle; //顶点位置属性引用 
+    int maTexCoorHandle; //顶点纹理坐标属性引用
+    
+    int muMMatrixHandle;//位置、旋转、缩放变换矩阵
+    int maCameraHandle; //摄像机位置属性引用
+    int maNormalHandle; //顶点法向量属性引用
+    int maLightLocationHandle;//光源位置属性引用 
+    
+    String mVertexShader;//顶点着色器代码脚本	 
+    String mFragmentShader;//片元着色器代码脚本
+	
+	FloatBuffer   mVertexBuffer;//顶点坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mTexCoorBuffer;//顶点纹理坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mNormalBuffer;//顶点法向量数据缓冲
+    int vCount=0;   
+    float xAngle=0;//绕x轴旋转的角度
+    float yAngle=0;//绕y轴旋转的角度
+    float zAngle=0;//绕z轴旋转的角度
+    
+    public ConeSide(MySurfaceView mv,float scale,float r,float h,int n)
+    {    	
+    	//调用初始化顶点数据的initVertexData方法
+    	initVertexData(scale,r,h,n);
+    	//调用初始化着色器的intShader方法   
+    	initShader(mv);
+    }
+    
+    //自定义初始化顶点坐标数据的方法
+    public void initVertexData(
+    		float scale,	//尺寸大小
+    		float r,	//半径
+    		float h,	//高度
+    		int n		//切分的份数
+    	)
+    {
+    	r=scale*r;
+    	h=scale*h;
+		float angdegSpan=360.0f/n;
+		vCount=3*n*4;//顶点个数，共有3*n*4个三角形，每个三角形都有三个顶点
+		//坐标数据初始化
+		float[] vertices=new float[vCount*3];
+		float[] textures=new float[vCount*2];//顶点纹理S、T坐标值数组
+		float[] normals=new float[vertices.length];//法向量数组
+		//坐标数据初始化
+		int count=0;
+		int stCount=0;
+		int norCount=0;
+		for(float angdeg=0;Math.ceil(angdeg)<360;angdeg+=angdegSpan)//侧面
+		{
+			double angrad=Math.toRadians(angdeg);//当前弧度
+			double angradNext=Math.toRadians(angdeg+angdegSpan);//下一弧度
+			//顶点(圆锥最高的点)
+			vertices[count++]=0; 
+			vertices[count++]=h; 
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			//纹理坐标
+			textures[stCount++]=0.5f;//st坐标
+			textures[stCount++]=0;
+			
+			//当前点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angrad));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.cos(angrad));
+			//纹理坐标
+			textures[stCount++]=(float) (angrad/(2*Math.PI));
+			textures[stCount++]=1;
+
+			//下一点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angradNext));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.cos(angradNext));
+			//纹理坐标
+			textures[stCount++]=(float) (angradNext/(2*Math.PI));
+			textures[stCount++]=1;
+		}
+		
+		//法向量数据的初始化
+		for(int i=0;i<vertices.length;i=i+3)
+		{
+			//如果当前的顶点为圆锥的最高点
+			if(vertices[i]==0&&vertices[i+1]==h&&vertices[i+2]==0){
+				normals[norCount++]=0;
+				normals[norCount++]=1;
+				normals[norCount++]=0;
+			}else{//当前的顶点为底面圆上的顶点
+				float [] norXYZ=VectorUtil.calConeNormal(//通过三个顶点求出法向量
+						0, 0, 0, 						//底面圆的中心点
+						vertices[i], vertices[i+1], vertices[i+2], //当前的顶点坐标
+						0, h, 0);						//顶点坐标(圆锥最高点)
+				normals[norCount++]=norXYZ[0];
+				normals[norCount++]=norXYZ[1];
+				normals[norCount++]=norXYZ[2];
+			}
+		}
+		
+		ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);//创建顶点坐标数据缓冲
+        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mVertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mVertexBuffer.put(vertices);//向缓冲区中放入顶点坐标数据
+        mVertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //法向量数据初始化 
+        ByteBuffer nbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(normals.length*4);//创建顶点法向量数据缓冲
+        nbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mNormalBuffer = nbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mNormalBuffer.put(normals);//向缓冲区中放入顶点法向量数据
+        mNormalBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //st坐标数据初始化
+        ByteBuffer cbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(textures.length*4);//创建顶点纹理数据缓冲
+        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mTexCoorBuffer = cbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mTexCoorBuffer.put(textures);//向缓冲区中放入顶点纹理数据
+        mTexCoorBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+    }
+
+    //自定义初始化着色器的initShader方法
+    public void initShader(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {
+    	//加载顶点着色器的脚本内容
+        mVertexShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("vertex_tex_light.sh", mv.getResources());
+        //加载片元着色器的脚本内容
+        mFragmentShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("frag_tex_light.sh", mv.getResources());  
+        //基于顶点着色器与片元着色器创建程序
+        mProgram = createProgram(mVertexShader, mFragmentShader);
+        //获取程序中顶点位置属性引用id  
+        maPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+        //获取程序中顶点纹理坐标属性引用id  
+        maTexCoorHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aTexCoor");
+        //获取程序中总变换矩阵引用id
+        muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
+        
+        //获取程序中顶点法向量属性引用id  
+        maNormalHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aNormal"); 
+        //获取程序中摄像机位置引用id
+        maCameraHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uCamera"); 
+        //获取程序中光源位置引用id
+        maLightLocationHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uLightLocation"); 
+        //获取位置、旋转变换矩阵引用id
+        muMMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMMatrix");  
+        
+        
+    }
+    
+    public void drawSelf(int texId)
+    {        
+    	 //制定使用某套shader程序
+    	 GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);        
+         //将最终变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getFinalMatrix(), 0);
+         //将位置、旋转变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getMMatrix(), 0); 
+         //将摄像机位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maCameraHandle, 1, MatrixState.cameraFB);
+         //将光源位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maLightLocationHandle, 1, MatrixState.lightPositionFB);
+         
+         //传送顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+         		maPositionHandle,   
+         		3, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mVertexBuffer
+         );       
+         //传送顶点纹理坐标数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maTexCoorHandle, 
+         		2, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                2*4,   
+                mTexCoorBuffer
+         ); 
+         //传送顶点法向量数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maNormalHandle, 
+         		4, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mNormalBuffer
+         ); 
+         
+         //启用顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle);
+         //启用顶点纹理数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maTexCoorHandle);  
+         //启用顶点法向量数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maNormalHandle);
+         //绑定纹理
+         GLES20.glActiveTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE0);
+         GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texId);
+         
+         //绘制纹理矩形
+         GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vCount); 
+    }
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/ConeSideL.java

@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+import static com.bn.Sample8_2.ShaderUtil.createProgram;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+
+//圆锥侧面骨架类
+public class ConeSideL 
+{	
+	int mProgram;//自定义渲染管线着色器程序id
+    int muMVPMatrixHandle;//总变换矩阵引用
+    int maPositionHandle; //顶点位置属性引用 
+    int maColorHandle; //顶点颜色属性引用 
+    
+    int muMMatrixHandle;//位置、旋转、缩放变换矩阵
+    int maCameraHandle; //摄像机位置属性引用
+    int maNormalHandle; //顶点法向量属性引用
+    int maLightLocationHandle;//光源位置属性引用 
+    
+    
+    String mVertexShader;//顶点着色器代码脚本   	 
+    String mFragmentShader;//片元着色器代码脚本
+	
+	FloatBuffer   mVertexBuffer;//顶点坐标数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mColorBuffer;	//顶点颜色数据缓冲
+	FloatBuffer   mNormalBuffer;//顶点法向量数据缓冲
+    int vCount=0;   
+    float xAngle=0;//绕x轴旋转的角度
+    float yAngle=0;//绕y轴旋转的角度
+    float zAngle=0;//绕z轴旋转的角度
+    
+    public ConeSideL(MySurfaceView mv,float scale,float r,float h,int n)
+    {    	
+    	//调用初始化顶点数据的initVertexData方法
+    	initVertexData(scale,r,h,n);
+    	//调用初始化着色器的intShader方法   
+    	initShader(mv);
+    }
+    
+    //自定义初始化顶点坐标数据的方法
+    public void initVertexData(
+    		float scale,	//尺寸大小
+    		float r,	//半径
+    		float h,	//高度
+    		int n		//切分的份数
+    	)
+    {
+    	r=scale*r;
+    	h=scale*h;
+		float angdegSpan=360.0f/n;
+		vCount=3*n*4;//顶点个数，共有3*n*4个三角形，每个三角形都有三个顶点
+		//坐标数据初始化
+		float[] vertices=new float[vCount*3];
+		float[] colors=new float[vCount*4];//顶点颜色值数组
+		float[] normals=new float[vertices.length];//法向量数组
+		//坐标数据初始化
+		int count=0;
+		int colorCount=0;
+		int norCount=0;
+		for(float angdeg=0;Math.ceil(angdeg)<360;angdeg+=angdegSpan)//侧面
+		{
+			double angrad=Math.toRadians(angdeg);//当前弧度
+			double angradNext=Math.toRadians(angdeg+angdegSpan);//下一弧度
+			//中心点
+			vertices[count++]=0; 
+			vertices[count++]=h; 
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			//当前点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angrad));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.cos(angrad));
+			
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			//下一点
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.sin(angradNext));
+			vertices[count++]=0;
+			vertices[count++]=(float) (-r*Math.cos(angradNext));
+			
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+			colors[colorCount++]=1;
+		}
+		//法向量数据的初始化
+		for(int i=0;i<vertices.length;i=i+3)
+		{
+			//如果当前的顶点为圆锥的最高点
+			if(vertices[i]==0&&vertices[i+1]==h&&vertices[i+2]==0){
+				normals[norCount++]=0;
+				normals[norCount++]=1;
+				normals[norCount++]=0;
+			}else{//当前的顶点为底面圆上的顶点
+				float [] norXYZ=VectorUtil.calConeNormal(//通过三个顶点求出法向量
+						0, 0, 0, 						//底面圆的中心点
+						vertices[i], vertices[i+1], vertices[i+2], //当前的顶点坐标
+						0, h, 0);						//顶点坐标(圆锥最高点)
+				normals[norCount++]=norXYZ[0];
+				normals[norCount++]=norXYZ[1];
+				normals[norCount++]=norXYZ[2];
+			}
+		}
+		ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);//创建顶点坐标数据缓冲
+        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mVertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mVertexBuffer.put(vertices);//向缓冲区中放入顶点坐标数据
+        mVertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //法向量数据初始化 
+        ByteBuffer nbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(normals.length*4);//创建顶点法向量数据缓冲
+        nbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mNormalBuffer = nbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mNormalBuffer.put(normals);//向缓冲区中放入顶点法向量数据
+        mNormalBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //顶点颜色数据初始化
+        ByteBuffer cbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length*4);//创建顶点纹理数据缓冲
+        cbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序为本地操作系统顺序
+        mColorBuffer = cbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为float型缓冲
+        mColorBuffer.put(colors);//向缓冲区中放入顶点纹理数据
+        mColorBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+    }
+
+    //初始化着色器
+    public void initShader(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {
+    	//加载顶点着色器的脚本内容
+        mVertexShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("vertex_color_light.sh", mv.getResources());
+        //加载片元着色器的脚本内容
+        mFragmentShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("frag_color_light.sh", mv.getResources());  
+        //基于顶点着色器与片元着色器创建程序
+        mProgram = createProgram(mVertexShader, mFragmentShader);
+        //获取程序中顶点位置属性引用id  
+        maPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+        //获取程序中顶点颜色属性引用id  
+        maColorHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aColor");
+        //获取程序中总变换矩阵引用id
+        muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");
+        
+        //获取程序中顶点法向量属性引用id  
+        maNormalHandle= GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aNormal"); 
+        //获取程序中摄像机位置引用id
+        maCameraHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uCamera"); 
+        //获取程序中光源位置引用id
+        maLightLocationHandle=GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uLightLocation"); 
+        //获取位置、旋转变换矩阵引用id
+        muMMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMMatrix");  
+        
+        
+    }
+    
+    public void drawSelf()
+    {        
+    	 //制定使用某套shader程序
+    	 GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram);        
+    	 
+         
+         //将最终变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getFinalMatrix(), 0);
+         
+         
+         //将位置、旋转变换矩阵传入shader程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getMMatrix(), 0); 
+         //将摄像机位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maCameraHandle, 1, MatrixState.cameraFB);
+         //将光源位置传入shader程序   
+         GLES20.glUniform3fv(maLightLocationHandle, 1, MatrixState.lightPositionFB);
+         
+         
+         //传送顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+         		maPositionHandle,   
+         		3, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mVertexBuffer
+         );       
+         //传送顶点坐标数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maColorHandle, 
+         		4, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                4*4,   
+                mColorBuffer
+         );
+         //传送顶点法向量数据
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+        		maNormalHandle, 
+         		4, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mNormalBuffer
+         ); 
+         
+         //允许顶点位置数据数组
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle);
+         //允许顶点颜色数据数组
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maColorHandle);  
+         //允许顶点法向量数据数组
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maNormalHandle);
+         //绘制线条的粗细
+         GLES20.glLineWidth(2);
+         //绘制
+         GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_LINES, 0, vCount); 
+    }
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/MatrixState.java

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.Matrix;
+
+//存储系统矩阵状态的类
+public class MatrixState 
+{  
+	private static float[] mProjMatrix = new float[16];//4x4矩阵 投影用
+    private static float[] mVMatrix = new float[16];//摄像机位置朝向9参数矩阵   
+    private static float[] currMatrix;//当前变换矩阵
+    public static float[] lightLocation=new float[]{0,0,0};//定位光光源位置
+    public static FloatBuffer cameraFB;    
+    public static FloatBuffer lightPositionFB;
+      
+    //保护变换矩阵的栈
+    static float[][] mStack=new float[10][16];
+    static int stackTop=-1;
+    
+    public static void setInitStack()//获取不变换初始矩阵
+    {
+    	currMatrix=new float[16];
+    	Matrix.setRotateM(currMatrix, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+    }
+    
+    public static void pushMatrix()//保护变换矩阵
+    {
+    	stackTop++;
+    	for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
+    	{
+    		mStack[stackTop][i]=currMatrix[i];
+    	}
+    }
+    
+    public static void popMatrix()//恢复变换矩阵
+    {
+    	for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
+    	{
+    		currMatrix[i]=mStack[stackTop][i];
+    	}
+    	stackTop--;
+    }
+    
+    public static void translate(float x,float y,float z)//设置沿xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.translateM(currMatrix, 0, x, y, z);
+    }
+    
+    public static void rotate(float angle,float x,float y,float z)//设置绕xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.rotateM(currMatrix,0,angle,x,y,z);
+    }
+    
+    public static void scale(float x,float y,float z)
+    {
+    	Matrix.scaleM(currMatrix,0, x, y, z);
+    }
+    
+    //插入自带矩阵
+    public static void matrix(float[] self)
+    {
+    	float[] result=new float[16];
+    	Matrix.multiplyMM(result,0,currMatrix,0,self,0);
+    	currMatrix=result;
+    }
+    
+    
+    //设置摄像机
+    static ByteBuffer llbb= ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(3*4);
+    static float[] cameraLocation=new float[3];//摄像机位置
+    public static void setCamera
+    (
+    		float cx,	//摄像机位置x
+    		float cy,   //摄像机位置y
+    		float cz,   //摄像机位置z
+    		float tx,   //摄像机目标点x
+    		float ty,   //摄像机目标点y
+    		float tz,   //摄像机目标点z
+    		float upx,  //摄像机UP向量X分量
+    		float upy,  //摄像机UP向量Y分量
+    		float upz   //摄像机UP向量Z分量		
+    )
+    {
+        	Matrix.setLookAtM
+            (
+            		mVMatrix, 
+            		0, 
+            		cx,
+            		cy,
+            		cz,
+            		tx,
+            		ty,
+            		tz,
+            		upx,
+            		upy,
+            		upz
+            );
+        	
+        	cameraLocation[0]=cx;
+        	cameraLocation[1]=cy;
+        	cameraLocation[2]=cz;
+        	
+        	llbb.clear();
+            llbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+            cameraFB=llbb.asFloatBuffer();
+            cameraFB.put(cameraLocation);
+            cameraFB.position(0);  
+    }
+    
+    //设置透视投影参数
+    public static void setProjectFrustum
+    ( 
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {
+    	Matrix.frustumM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
+    }
+    
+    //设置正交投影参数
+    public static void setProjectOrtho
+    (
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {    	
+    	Matrix.orthoM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
+    }   
+    //获取具体物体的总变换矩阵
+    static float[] mMVPMatrix=new float[16];
+    public static float[] getFinalMatrix()
+    {	
+    	Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mVMatrix, 0, currMatrix, 0);
+        Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0);        
+        return mMVPMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    //获取具体物体的变换矩阵
+    public static float[] getMMatrix()
+    {       
+        return currMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    //获取投影矩阵
+    public static float[] getProjMatrix()
+    {
+		return mProjMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    //获取摄像机朝向的矩阵
+    public static float[] getCaMatrix()
+    {
+		return mVMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    //设置灯光位置的方法
+    static ByteBuffer llbbL = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(3*4);
+    public static void setLightLocation(float x,float y,float z)
+    {
+    	llbbL.clear();
+    	
+    	lightLocation[0]=x;
+    	lightLocation[1]=y;
+    	lightLocation[2]=z;
+    	
+        llbbL.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        lightPositionFB=llbbL.asFloatBuffer();
+        lightPositionFB.put(lightLocation);
+        lightPositionFB.position(0);
+    }
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/MyActivity.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.view.KeyEvent;
+import android.view.Window;
+import android.view.WindowManager;
+import android.widget.CompoundButton;
+import android.widget.LinearLayout;
+import android.widget.RadioButton;
+import android.widget.CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener;
+
+
+public class MyActivity extends Activity {
+	MySurfaceView mySurfaceView;
+    @Override
+    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+        //设置为全屏
+        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); 
+		getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN ,  
+		              WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
+		//设置为竖屏模式
+		setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
+		//切换到主界面
+		setContentView(R.layout.main);		
+		//初始化GLSurfaceView
+		mySurfaceView = new MySurfaceView(this);
+		mySurfaceView.requestFocus();//获取焦点
+		mySurfaceView.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);//设置为可触控  
+        //将自定义的GLSurfaceView添加到外层LinearLayout中
+        LinearLayout ll=(LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.main_liner); 
+        ll.addView(mySurfaceView); 
+        
+        
+        //为RadioButton添加监听器及SxT选择代码
+        RadioButton rab=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.RadioButton01);
+        rab.setOnCheckedChangeListener(
+            new OnCheckedChangeListener()
+            {
+     			public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) 
+     			{
+     				//面填充
+     				if(isChecked)
+     				{
+     					mySurfaceView.drawWhatFlag=true;
+     				}
+     			}        	   
+            }         		
+        );       
+        rab=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.RadioButton02);
+        
+        rab.setOnCheckedChangeListener(
+            new OnCheckedChangeListener()
+            {
+     			public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) 
+     			{
+     				//线填充
+     				if(isChecked)
+     				{
+     					mySurfaceView.drawWhatFlag=false;
+     				}
+     			}        	   
+            }         		
+        );         
+    }
+    @Override
+    protected void onResume() {
+        super.onResume();
+        mySurfaceView.onResume();
+        mySurfaceView.lightFlag=true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onPause() {
+        super.onPause();
+        mySurfaceView.onPause();
+        mySurfaceView.lightFlag=false;
+    }  
+    public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode,KeyEvent e)
+    {
+    	switch(keyCode)
+        	{
+    	case 4:
+    		System.exit(0);
+    		break;
+        	}
+    	return true;
+    };
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/MySurfaceView.java

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
+import android.opengl.GLUtils;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import android.view.MotionEvent;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.graphics.Bitmap;
+import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
+
+class MySurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView {
+    
+	private final float TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR = 180.0f/320;//角度缩放比例
+	private float mPreviousY;//上次的触控位置Y坐标
+    private float mPreviousX;//上次的触控位置X坐标
+	
+	private SceneRenderer mRenderer;//场景渲染器
+    int textureId;      //系统分配的纹理id 
+    
+    boolean drawWhatFlag=true;	//绘制线填充方式的标志位
+    boolean lightFlag=true;		//光照旋转的标志位
+
+	public MySurfaceView(Context context) {
+        super(context);
+        this.setEGLContextClientVersion(2); //设置使用OPENGL ES2.0
+        mRenderer = new SceneRenderer();	//创建场景渲染器
+        setRenderer(mRenderer);				//设置渲染器		        
+        setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY);//设置渲染模式为主动渲染   
+    }
+	
+	//触摸事件回调方法
+    @Override 
+    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) {
+        float y = e.getY();
+        float x = e.getX();
+        switch (e.getAction()) {
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
+            float dy = y - mPreviousY;//计算触控笔Y位移
+            float dx = x - mPreviousX;//计算触控笔X位移
+            mRenderer.cone.yAngle += dx * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;//设置绕y轴旋转角度
+            mRenderer.cone.zAngle+= dy * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;//设置绕z轴旋转角度
+            
+            mRenderer.conel.yAngle += dx * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;//设置绕y轴旋转角度
+            mRenderer.conel.zAngle+= dy * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;//设置绕z轴旋转角度
+        }
+        mPreviousY = y;//记录触控笔位置
+        mPreviousX = x;//记录触控笔位置
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+	private class SceneRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer 
+    {   
+		
+		Cone cone;
+		ConeL conel;
+		
+        public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) 
+        { 
+        	//清除深度缓冲与颜色缓冲
+            GLES20.glClear( GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);   
+            
+            //保护现场
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(0, 0, -10);
+            if(drawWhatFlag)
+            {
+            	cone.drawSelf();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+            	conel.drawSelf();
+            }
+            MatrixState.popMatrix();
+            
+        }   
+
+        public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
+            //设置视窗大小及位置 
+        	GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); 
+        	//计算GLSurfaceView的宽高比
+            float ratio= (float) width / height;
+            //调用此方法计算产生透视投影矩阵
+            MatrixState.setProjectFrustum(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 4f, 100);
+            //调用此方法产生摄像机9参数位置矩阵
+            MatrixState.setCamera(0,0,8.0f,0f,0f,0f,0f,1.0f,0.0f); 
+            
+	        //初始化光源
+	        MatrixState.setLightLocation(10 , 0 , -10);
+	                      
+	        //启动一个线程定时修改灯光的位置
+	        new Thread()
+	        {
+				public void run()
+				{
+					float redAngle = 0;
+					while(lightFlag)
+					{	
+						//根据角度计算灯光的位置
+						redAngle=(redAngle+5)%360;
+						float rx=(float) (15*Math.sin(Math.toRadians(redAngle)));
+						float rz=(float) (15*Math.cos(Math.toRadians(redAngle)));
+						MatrixState.setLightLocation(rx, 0, rz);
+						
+						try {
+								Thread.sleep(100);
+							} catch (InterruptedException e) {				  			
+								e.printStackTrace();
+							}
+					}
+				}
+	        }.start();
+        }
+
+        public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
+            //设置屏幕背景色RGBA
+            GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f, 1.0f);  
+            //启用深度测试
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+    		//设置为打开背面剪裁
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_CULL_FACE);
+            //初始化变换矩阵
+            MatrixState.setInitStack();
+            //加载纹理
+            textureId=initTexture(R.drawable.android_robot0);
+            //创建圆锥对象
+            cone = new Cone(MySurfaceView.this,1,1.6f,3.9f,36,textureId,textureId);
+            //创建圆锥骨架对象
+            conel= new ConeL(MySurfaceView.this,1,1.6f,3.9f,36);
+            
+        }
+    }
+	
+	public int initTexture(int drawableId)//textureId
+	{
+		//生成纹理ID
+		int[] textures = new int[1];
+		GLES20.glGenTextures
+		(
+				1,          //产生的纹理id的数量
+				textures,   //纹理id的数组
+				0           //偏移量
+		);    
+		int textureId=textures[0];    
+		GLES20.glBindTexture(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GLES20.GL_NEAREST);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GLES20.GL_LINEAR);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GLES20.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+		GLES20.glTexParameterf(GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D, GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GLES20.GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+        
+        //通过输入流加载图片===============begin===================
+        InputStream is = this.getResources().openRawResource(drawableId);
+        Bitmap bitmapTmp;
+        try 
+        {
+        	bitmapTmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
+        } 
+        finally 
+        {
+            try 
+            {
+                is.close();
+            } 
+            catch(IOException e) 
+            {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        //通过输入流加载图片===============end=====================  
+        
+        //实际加载纹理
+        GLUtils.texImage2D
+        (
+        		GLES20.GL_TEXTURE_2D,   //纹理类型，在OpenGL ES中必须为GL10.GL_TEXTURE_2D
+        		0, 					  //纹理的层次，0表示基本图像层，可以理解为直接贴图
+        		bitmapTmp, 			  //纹理图像
+        		0					  //纹理边框尺寸
+        );
+        bitmapTmp.recycle(); 		  //纹理加载成功后释放图片
+        
+        return textureId;
+	}
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/ShaderUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+//加载顶点Shader与片元Shader的工具类
+public class ShaderUtil 
+{
+   //加载制定shader的方法
+   public static int loadShader
+   (
+		 int shaderType, //shader的类型  GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER   GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER
+		 String source   //shader的脚本字符串
+   ) 
+   {
+	    //创建一个新shader
+        int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(shaderType);
+        //若创建成功则加载shader
+        if (shader != 0) 
+        {
+        	//加载shader的源代码
+            GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, source);
+            //编译shader
+            GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
+            //存放编译成功shader数量的数组
+            int[] compiled = new int[1];
+            //获取Shader的编译情况
+            GLES20.glGetShaderiv(shader, GLES20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS, compiled, 0);
+            if (compiled[0] == 0) 
+            {//若编译失败则显示错误日志并删除此shader
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not compile shader " + shaderType + ":");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader));
+                GLES20.glDeleteShader(shader);
+                shader = 0;      
+            }  
+        }
+        return shader;
+    }
+    
+   //创建shader程序的方法
+   public static int createProgram(String vertexSource, String fragmentSource) 
+   {
+	    //加载顶点着色器
+        int vertexShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSource);
+        if (vertexShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        
+        //加载片元着色器
+        int pixelShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSource);
+        if (pixelShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        //创建程序
+        int program = GLES20.glCreateProgram();
+        //若程序创建成功则向程序中加入顶点着色器与片元着色器
+        if (program != 0) 
+        {
+        	//向程序中加入顶点着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //向程序中加入片元着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, pixelShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //链接程序
+            GLES20.glLinkProgram(program);
+            //存放链接成功program数量的数组
+            int[] linkStatus = new int[1];
+            //获取program的链接情况
+            GLES20.glGetProgramiv(program, GLES20.GL_LINK_STATUS, linkStatus, 0);
+            //若链接失败则报错并删除程序
+            if (linkStatus[0] != GLES20.GL_TRUE) 
+            {
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not link program: ");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetProgramInfoLog(program));
+                GLES20.glDeleteProgram(program);
+                program = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return program;
+    }
+    
+   //检查每一步操作是否有错误的方法 
+   public static void checkGlError(String op) 
+   {
+        int error;
+        while ((error = GLES20.glGetError()) != GLES20.GL_NO_ERROR) 
+        {
+            Log.e("ES20_ERROR", op + ": glError " + error);
+            throw new RuntimeException(op + ": glError " + error);
+        }
+   }
+   
+   //从sh脚本中加载shader内容的方法
+   public static String loadFromAssetsFile(String fname,Resources r)
+   {
+   	String result=null;    	
+   	try
+   	{
+   		InputStream in=r.getAssets().open(fname);
+			int ch=0;
+		    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		    while((ch=in.read())!=-1)
+		    {
+		      	baos.write(ch);
+		    }      
+		    byte[] buff=baos.toByteArray();
+		    baos.close();
+		    in.close();
+   		result=new String(buff,"UTF-8"); 
+   		result=result.replaceAll("\\r\\n","\n");
+   	}
+   	catch(Exception e)
+   	{
+   		e.printStackTrace();
+   	}   
+   	return result;
+   }
+}

第8章 3D基本形状/Sample8_2/src/com/bn/Sample8_2/VectorUtil.java

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package com.bn.Sample8_2;
+
+//计算三角形法向量的工具类
+public class VectorUtil {
+	
+	//计算圆锥顶点法向量的方法
+	public static float[] calConeNormal
+	(//三角形三个顶点坐标
+			float x0,float y0,float z0,//A，中心点(底面圆的圆心)
+			float x1,float y1,float z1,//B，底面圆上一点
+			float x2,float y2,float z2 //C，顶点(最高的点)
+	)
+	{
+		float[] a={x1-x0, y1-y0, z1-z0};//向量AB
+		float[] b={x2-x0, y2-y0, z2-z0};//向量AC
+		float[] c={x2-x1, y2-y1, z2-z1};//向量BC
+		//先球垂直于平面ABC的向量k
+		float[] k=crossTwoVectors(a,b);
+		//将c和k做叉乘，得出所求向量d
+		float[] d=crossTwoVectors(c,k);
+		return normalizeVector(d);//返回规格化后的法向量
+	}
+	//向量规格化的方法
+	public static float[] normalizeVector(float [] vec){
+		float mod=module(vec);
+		return new float[]{vec[0]/mod, vec[1]/mod, vec[2]/mod};//返回规格化后的向量
+	}
+	//求向量的模的方法
+	public static float module(float [] vec){
+		return (float) Math.sqrt(vec[0]*vec[0]+vec[1]*vec[1]+vec[2]*vec[2]);
+	}
+	//两个向量叉乘的方法
+	public static float[] crossTwoVectors(
+			float[] a,
+			float[] b)
+	{
+		float x=a[1]*b[2]-a[2]*b[1];
+		float y=a[2]*b[0]-a[0]*b[2];
+		float z=a[0]*b[1]-a[1]*b[0];
+		return new float[]{x, y, z};//返回法向量
+	}
+}