初次提交

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/.classpath

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<classpath>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="src" path="gen"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="con" path="com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ANDROID_FRAMEWORK"/>
+	<classpathentry kind="output" path="bin"/>
+</classpath>

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/.project

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<projectDescription>
+	<name>Sample9_1</name>
+	<comment></comment>
+	<projects>
+	</projects>
+	<buildSpec>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ResourceManagerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.PreCompilerBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javabuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+		<buildCommand>
+			<name>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.ApkBuilder</name>
+			<arguments>
+			</arguments>
+		</buildCommand>
+	</buildSpec>
+	<natures>
+		<nature>com.android.ide.eclipse.adt.AndroidNature</nature>
+		<nature>org.eclipse.jdt.core.javanature</nature>
+	</natures>
+</projectDescription>

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/.settings/org.eclipse.jdt.core.prefs

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+#Wed Jan 05 21:56:15 CST 2011
+eclipse.preferences.version=1
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.inlineJsrBytecode=enabled
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.targetPlatform=1.6
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.codegen.unusedLocal=preserve
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.compliance=1.6
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.lineNumber=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.localVariable=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.debug.sourceFile=generate
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.assertIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.problem.enumIdentifier=error
+org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.source=1.6

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/AndroidManifest.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+      android:versionCode="1"
+      android:versionName="1.0" package="com.bn.Sample9_1">
+    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
+        <activity android:name=".Sample9_1_Activity"
+                  android:label="@string/app_name">
+            <intent-filter>
+                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
+                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
+            </intent-filter>
+        </activity>
+    </application>
+    <uses-sdk android:targetSdkVersion="8"></uses-sdk>
+</manifest> 

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/assets/frag_color.sh

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+precision mediump float;
+varying  vec3 vPosition;  //顶点位置
+void main() {
+   vec4 bColor=vec4(0.678,0.231,0.129,0);//砖块的颜色
+   vec4 mColor=vec4(0.763,0.657,0.614,0);//间隔的颜色
+   float y=vPosition.y;
+   y=mod((y+100.0)*4.0,4.0);
+   if(y>1.8) {
+     gl_FragColor = bColor;//给此片元颜色值
+   } else {
+     gl_FragColor = mColor;//给此片元颜色值
+}} 

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/assets/vertex_color.sh

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+uniform mat4 uMVPMatrix; //总变换矩阵
+attribute vec3 aPosition;  //顶点位置
+varying vec3 vPosition;  //顶点位置
+void main() {                            		
+   gl_Position = uMVPMatrix * vec4(aPosition,1); //根据总变换矩阵计算此次绘制此顶点位置
+   vPosition=aPosition;//将顶点的原始位置传递给片元着色器
+}

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/default.properties

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+# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
+# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
+# 
+# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
+# 
+# To customize properties used by the Ant build system use,
+# "build.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
+# project structure.
+
+# Indicates whether an apk should be generated for each density.
+split.density=false
+# Project target.
+target=android-8

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/gen/com/bn/Sample9_1/R.java

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+/* AUTO-GENERATED FILE.  DO NOT MODIFY.
+ *
+ * This class was automatically generated by the
+ * aapt tool from the resource data it found.  It
+ * should not be modified by hand.
+ */
+
+package com.bn.Sample9_1;
+
+public final class R {
+    public static final class attr {
+    }
+    public static final class drawable {
+        public static final int icon=0x7f020000;
+    }
+    public static final class string {
+        public static final int app_name=0x7f030000;
+    }
+}

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/res/values/strings.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <string name="app_name">Sample9_1</string>
+</resources>

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/src/com/bn/Sample9_1/LoadUtil.java

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+package com.bn.Sample9_1;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+public class LoadUtil 
+{
+	//从obj文件中加载仅携带顶点信息的物体
+    public static LoadedObjectVertexOnly loadFromFile(String fname, Resources r,MySurfaceView mv)
+    {
+    	LoadedObjectVertexOnly lo=null;
+    	
+    	ArrayList<Float> alv=new ArrayList<Float>();//原始顶点坐标列表
+    	ArrayList<Float> alvResult=new ArrayList<Float>();//结果顶点坐标列表
+    	
+    	try
+    	{
+    		InputStream in=r.getAssets().open(fname);
+    		InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(in);
+    		BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
+    		String temps=null;
+    		
+		    while((temps=br.readLine())!=null)
+		    {
+		    	String[] tempsa=temps.split("[ ]+");
+		      	if(tempsa[0].trim().equals("v"))
+		      	{//此行为顶点坐标
+		      		alv.add(Float.parseFloat(tempsa[1]));
+		      		alv.add(Float.parseFloat(tempsa[2]));
+		      		alv.add(Float.parseFloat(tempsa[3]));
+		      	}
+		      	else if(tempsa[0].trim().equals("f"))
+		      	{//此行为三角形面
+		      		int index=Integer.parseInt(tempsa[1].split("/")[0])-1;
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index));
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index+1));
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index+2));
+		      		
+		      		index=Integer.parseInt(tempsa[2].split("/")[0])-1;
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index));
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index+1));
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index+2));
+		      		
+		      		index=Integer.parseInt(tempsa[3].split("/")[0])-1;
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index));
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index+1));
+		      		alvResult.add(alv.get(3*index+2));	
+		      	}		      		
+		    } 
+		    
+		    //生成顶点数组
+		    int size=alvResult.size();
+		    float[] vXYZ=new float[size];
+		    for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
+		    {
+		    	vXYZ[i]=alvResult.get(i);
+		    }
+		    //创建物体对象
+		    lo=new LoadedObjectVertexOnly(mv,vXYZ);
+    	}
+    	catch(Exception e)
+    	{
+    		Log.d("load error", "load error");
+    		e.printStackTrace();
+    	}    	
+    	return lo;
+    }
+}

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/src/com/bn/Sample9_1/LoadedObjectVertexOnly.java

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+package com.bn.Sample9_1;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+
+//加载后的物体——仅携带顶点信息
+public class LoadedObjectVertexOnly
+{	
+	int mProgram;//自定义渲染管线着色器程序id
+    int muMVPMatrixHandle;//总变换矩阵引用
+    int maPositionHandle; //顶点位置属性引用  
+    String mVertexShader;//顶点着色器代码脚本    	 
+    String mFragmentShader;//片元着色器代码脚本
+	
+	FloatBuffer   mVertexBuffer;//顶点坐标数据缓冲
+    int vCount=0;  
+    
+    public LoadedObjectVertexOnly(MySurfaceView mv,float[] vertices)
+    {    	
+    	//初始化顶点坐标与着色数据
+    	initVertexData(vertices);
+    	//初始化shader        
+    	initShader(mv);
+    }
+    
+    //初始化顶点坐标的方法
+    public void initVertexData(float[] vertices)
+    {
+    	//顶点坐标数据的初始化================begin============================
+    	vCount=vertices.length/3;   
+		
+        //创建顶点坐标数据缓冲
+        //vertices.length*4是因为一个整数四个字节
+        ByteBuffer vbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4);
+        vbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        mVertexBuffer = vbb.asFloatBuffer();//转换为Float型缓冲
+        mVertexBuffer.put(vertices);//向缓冲区中放入顶点坐标数据
+        mVertexBuffer.position(0);//设置缓冲区起始位置
+        //特别提示：由于不同平台字节顺序不同数据单元不是字节的一定要经过ByteBuffer
+        //转换，关键是要通过ByteOrder设置nativeOrder()，否则有可能会出问题
+        //顶点坐标数据的初始化================end============================
+    }
+
+    //初始化shader
+    public void initShader(MySurfaceView mv)
+    {
+    	//加载顶点着色器的脚本内容
+        mVertexShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("vertex_color.sh", mv.getResources());
+        //加载片元着色器的脚本内容
+        mFragmentShader=ShaderUtil.loadFromAssetsFile("frag_color.sh", mv.getResources());  
+        //基于顶点着色器与片元着色器创建程序
+        mProgram = ShaderUtil.createProgram(mVertexShader, mFragmentShader);
+        //获取程序中顶点位置属性引用  
+        maPositionHandle = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "aPosition");
+        //获取程序中总变换矩阵引用
+        muMVPMatrixHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "uMVPMatrix");  
+    }
+    
+    public void drawSelf()
+    {        
+    	 //制定使用某套着色器程序
+    	 GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram); 
+         //将最终变换矩阵传入着色器程序
+         GLES20.glUniformMatrix4fv(muMVPMatrixHandle, 1, false, MatrixState.getFinalMatrix(), 0); 
+         // 将顶点位置数据传入渲染管线
+         GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer  
+         (
+         		maPositionHandle,   
+         		3, 
+         		GLES20.GL_FLOAT, 
+         		false,
+                3*4,   
+                mVertexBuffer
+         );
+         //启用顶点位置数据
+         GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(maPositionHandle); 
+         //绘制加载的物体
+         GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLES, 0, vCount); 
+    }
+}

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/src/com/bn/Sample9_1/MatrixState.java

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+package com.bn.Sample9_1;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.FloatBuffer;
+import java.util.*;
+import android.opengl.Matrix;
+
+//存储系统矩阵状态的类
+public class MatrixState 
+{
+	private static float[] mProjMatrix = new float[16];//4x4矩阵 投影用
+    private static float[] mVMatrix = new float[16];//摄像机位置朝向9参数矩阵   
+    private static float[] currMatrix;//当前变换矩阵
+    public static FloatBuffer cameraFB;    
+    
+    public static Stack<float[]> mStack=new Stack<float[]>();//保护变换矩阵的栈
+    
+    public static void setInitStack()//获取不变换初始矩阵
+    {
+    	currMatrix=new float[16];
+    	Matrix.setRotateM(currMatrix, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+    }
+    
+    public static void pushMatrix()//保护变换矩阵
+    {
+    	mStack.push(currMatrix.clone());
+    }
+    
+    public static void popMatrix()//恢复变换矩阵
+    {
+    	currMatrix=mStack.pop();
+    }
+    
+    public static void translate(float x,float y,float z)//设置沿xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.translateM(currMatrix, 0, x, y, z);
+    }
+    
+    public static void rotate(float angle,float x,float y,float z)//设置绕xyz轴移动
+    {
+    	Matrix.rotateM(currMatrix,0,angle,x,y,z);
+    }
+    
+    
+    //设置摄像机
+    public static void setCamera
+    (
+    		float cx,	//摄像机位置x
+    		float cy,   //摄像机位置y
+    		float cz,   //摄像机位置z
+    		float tx,   //摄像机目标点x
+    		float ty,   //摄像机目标点y
+    		float tz,   //摄像机目标点z
+    		float upx,  //摄像机UP向量X分量
+    		float upy,  //摄像机UP向量Y分量
+    		float upz   //摄像机UP向量Z分量		
+    )
+    {
+    	Matrix.setLookAtM
+        (
+        		mVMatrix, 
+        		0, 
+        		cx,
+        		cy,
+        		cz,
+        		tx,
+        		ty,
+        		tz,
+        		upx,
+        		upy,
+        		upz
+        );
+    	
+    	float[] cameraLocation=new float[3];//摄像机位置
+    	cameraLocation[0]=cx;
+    	cameraLocation[1]=cy;
+    	cameraLocation[2]=cz;
+    	
+    	ByteBuffer llbb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(3*4);
+        llbb.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());//设置字节顺序
+        cameraFB=llbb.asFloatBuffer();
+        cameraFB.put(cameraLocation);
+        cameraFB.position(0);  
+    }
+    
+    //设置透视投影参数
+    public static void setProjectFrustum
+    (
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {
+    	Matrix.frustumM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);    	
+    }
+    
+    //设置正交投影参数
+    public static void setProjectOrtho
+    (
+    	float left,		//near面的left
+    	float right,    //near面的right
+    	float bottom,   //near面的bottom
+    	float top,      //near面的top
+    	float near,		//near面距离
+    	float far       //far面距离
+    )
+    {    	
+    	Matrix.orthoM(mProjMatrix, 0, left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
+    }   
+   
+    //获取具体物体的总变换矩阵
+    public static float[] getFinalMatrix()
+    {
+    	float[] mMVPMatrix=new float[16];
+    	Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mVMatrix, 0, currMatrix, 0);
+        Matrix.multiplyMM(mMVPMatrix, 0, mProjMatrix, 0, mMVPMatrix, 0);        
+        return mMVPMatrix;
+    }
+    
+    //获取具体物体的变换矩阵
+    public static float[] getMMatrix()
+    {       
+        return currMatrix;
+    }
+}

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/src/com/bn/Sample9_1/MySurfaceView.java

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+package com.bn.Sample9_1;
+import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import android.view.MotionEvent;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig;
+import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10;
+import android.content.Context;
+
+class MySurfaceView extends GLSurfaceView 
+{
+	private final float TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR = 180.0f/320;//角度缩放比例
+    private SceneRenderer mRenderer;//场景渲染器    
+    
+    private float mPreviousY;//上次的触控位置Y坐标
+    private float mPreviousX;//上次的触控位置X坐标
+	
+	public MySurfaceView(Context context) {
+        super(context);
+        this.setEGLContextClientVersion(2); //设置使用OPENGL ES2.0
+        mRenderer = new SceneRenderer();	//创建场景渲染器
+        setRenderer(mRenderer);				//设置渲染器		        
+        setRenderMode(GLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY);//设置渲染模式为主动渲染   
+    }
+	
+	//触摸事件回调方法
+    @Override 
+    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent e) 
+    {
+        float y = e.getY();
+        float x = e.getX();
+        switch (e.getAction()) {
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
+            float dy = y - mPreviousY;//计算触控笔Y位移
+            float dx = x - mPreviousX;//计算触控笔X位移
+            mRenderer.yAngle += dx * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;//设置绕y轴旋转角度
+            mRenderer.xAngle+= dy * TOUCH_SCALE_FACTOR;//设置绕x轴旋转角度
+            requestRender();//重绘画面
+        }
+        mPreviousY = y;//记录触控笔位置
+        mPreviousX = x;//记录触控笔位置
+        return true;
+    }
+
+	private class SceneRenderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer 
+    {  
+		float yAngle;//绕Y轴旋转的角度
+    	float xAngle; //绕X轴旋转的角度
+    	//从指定的obj文件中加载对象
+		LoadedObjectVertexOnly lovo;
+    	
+        public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) 
+        { 
+        	//清除深度缓冲与颜色缓冲
+            GLES20.glClear( GLES20.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+            //坐标系推远
+            MatrixState.pushMatrix();
+            MatrixState.translate(0, -2f, -25f);   //ch.obj
+            //绕Y轴、Z轴旋转
+            MatrixState.rotate(yAngle, 0, 1, 0);
+            MatrixState.rotate(xAngle, 1, 0, 0);
+            
+            //若加载的物体不为空则绘制物体
+            if(lovo!=null)
+            {
+            	lovo.drawSelf();
+            }   
+            MatrixState.popMatrix();                  
+        }  
+
+        public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {
+            //设置视窗大小及位置 
+        	GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); 
+        	//计算GLSurfaceView的宽高比
+            float ratio = (float) width / height;
+            //调用此方法计算产生透视投影矩阵
+            MatrixState.setProjectFrustum(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 2, 100);
+            //调用此方法产生摄像机9参数位置矩阵
+            MatrixState.setCamera(0,0,0,0f,0f,-1f,0f,1.0f,0.0f);
+        }
+
+        public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {
+            //设置屏幕背景色RGBA
+            GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);    
+            //打开深度检测
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
+            //打开背面剪裁   
+            GLES20.glEnable(GLES20.GL_CULL_FACE);
+            //初始化变换矩阵
+            MatrixState.setInitStack();
+            //加载要绘制的物体
+            lovo=LoadUtil.loadFromFile("ch.obj", MySurfaceView.this.getResources(),MySurfaceView.this);
+        }
+    }
+}

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/src/com/bn/Sample9_1/Sample9_1_Activity.java

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+package com.bn.Sample9_1;
+import android.app.Activity;
+import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.view.Window;
+import android.view.WindowManager;
+
+public class Sample9_1_Activity extends Activity 
+{
+	private MySurfaceView mGLSurfaceView;
+    @Override
+    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
+    {
+        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         
+        //设置为全屏
+        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); 
+		getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN ,  
+		              WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
+		//设置为横屏模式
+		setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE);
+			
+		//初始化GLSurfaceView
+        mGLSurfaceView = new MySurfaceView(this);
+        setContentView(mGLSurfaceView);	
+        mGLSurfaceView.requestFocus();//获取焦点
+        mGLSurfaceView.setFocusableInTouchMode(true);//设置为可触控  
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onResume() {
+        super.onResume();
+        mGLSurfaceView.onResume();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onPause() {
+        super.onPause();
+        mGLSurfaceView.onPause();
+    }    
+}
+
+
+

第9章 3D模型加载/Sample9_1/src/com/bn/Sample9_1/ShaderUtil.java

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+package com.bn.Sample9_1;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.opengl.GLES20;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+//加载顶点Shader与片元Shader的工具类
+public class ShaderUtil 
+{
+   //加载制定shader的方法
+   public static int loadShader
+   (
+		 int shaderType, //shader的类型  GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER   GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER
+		 String source   //shader的脚本字符串
+   ) 
+   {
+	    //创建一个新shader
+        int shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(shaderType);
+        //若创建成功则加载shader
+        if (shader != 0) 
+        {
+        	//加载shader的源代码
+            GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, source);
+            //编译shader
+            GLES20.glCompileShader(shader);
+            //存放编译成功shader数量的数组
+            int[] compiled = new int[1];
+            //获取Shader的编译情况
+            GLES20.glGetShaderiv(shader, GLES20.GL_COMPILE_STATUS, compiled, 0);
+            if (compiled[0] == 0) 
+            {//若编译失败则显示错误日志并删除此shader
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not compile shader " + shaderType + ":");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetShaderInfoLog(shader));
+                GLES20.glDeleteShader(shader);
+                shader = 0;      
+            }  
+        }
+        return shader;
+    }
+    
+   //创建shader程序的方法
+   public static int createProgram(String vertexSource, String fragmentSource) 
+   {
+	    //加载顶点着色器
+        int vertexShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexSource);
+        if (vertexShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        
+        //加载片元着色器
+        int pixelShader = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentSource);
+        if (pixelShader == 0) 
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        //创建程序
+        int program = GLES20.glCreateProgram();
+        //若程序创建成功则向程序中加入顶点着色器与片元着色器
+        if (program != 0) 
+        {
+        	//向程序中加入顶点着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //向程序中加入片元着色器
+            GLES20.glAttachShader(program, pixelShader);
+            checkGlError("glAttachShader");
+            //链接程序
+            GLES20.glLinkProgram(program);
+            //存放链接成功program数量的数组
+            int[] linkStatus = new int[1];
+            //获取program的链接情况
+            GLES20.glGetProgramiv(program, GLES20.GL_LINK_STATUS, linkStatus, 0);
+            //若链接失败则报错并删除程序
+            if (linkStatus[0] != GLES20.GL_TRUE) 
+            {
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", "Could not link program: ");
+                Log.e("ES20_ERROR", GLES20.glGetProgramInfoLog(program));
+                GLES20.glDeleteProgram(program);
+                program = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return program;
+    }
+    
+   //检查每一步操作是否有错误的方法 
+   public static void checkGlError(String op) 
+   {
+        int error;
+        while ((error = GLES20.glGetError()) != GLES20.GL_NO_ERROR) 
+        {
+            Log.e("ES20_ERROR", op + ": glError " + error);
+            throw new RuntimeException(op + ": glError " + error);
+        }
+   }
+   
+   //从sh脚本中加载shader内容的方法
+   public static String loadFromAssetsFile(String fname,Resources r)
+   {
+   	String result=null;    	
+   	try
+   	{
+   		InputStream in=r.getAssets().open(fname);
+			int ch=0;
+		    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		    while((ch=in.read())!=-1)
+		    {
+		      	baos.write(ch);
+		    }      
+		    byte[] buff=baos.toByteArray();
+		    baos.close();
+		    in.close();
+   		result=new String(buff,"UTF-8"); 
+   		result=result.replaceAll("\\r\\n","\n");
+   	}
+   	catch(Exception e)
+   	{
+   		e.printStackTrace();
+   	}    	
+   	return result;
+   }
+}